Short-term effects of routine nutritional care on dietary patterns and biochemical parameters in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients

Abstract

Background and Aims

Nutritional therapy is crucial for managing chronic kidney disease (CKD), with protein restriction in the non-dialysis stages being vital for slowing disease progression. Moreover, limiting ultra-processed foods (UPF) is necessary due to the health risks associated with these foods, including the advancement of CKD. This study aims to evaluate the impact of routine nutritional care on UPF intake and biochemical markers in non-dialysis CKD patients.

Methods

Dietary intake, anthropometric, and biochemical data were measured at baseline and post-1 mo of routine nutritional care for patients with non-dialysis CKD patients. Dietary intake data were collected using a 24-h dietary recall and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. NOVA classification was used to evaluate UPF intake.

Results

The study included 83 participants (53% men; 62 [25.5] years old; body mass index 29 [6.77] kg/m²; estimated glomerular filtration rate of 36 [25.6] mL/min/1.73 m²). After 1 mo of the nutritional intervention, there was significantly decreased caloric intake from UPF (P = 0.011) globally. In addition, patients with adequate protein intake showed decreased UPF intake and increased intake of in natura and minimally processed foods compared to those with inadequate protein intake (P < 0.05). There was an increase in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.001) and albumin (P = 0.009) after 1 mo. A reduction in serum potassium levels (P = 0.013), sodium (P = 0.007), glucose (P = 0.018), and glycated hemoglobin (P = 0.021) was also observed.

Conclusions

The 1-mo nutritional intervention reduced the intake of UPF and increased intake of in natura and minimally processed foods, improving biochemical parameters in non-dialysis CKD patients.