Ye Muhamad Aprizal, Mohd Izwan Mohamad Yusof, Norashirene Mohamad Jamil, Yuliadi Zamroni, Noor Syaffinaz Noor Mohamad Zin, Nur Saffa Aini Emran Yusli, Nur Fatin Farhana Zapri, Nurdiana Samsulrizal
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Context: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) and Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae) are two natural resources with established neuroprotective properties. However, whether their combination is safe and has neuroprotective effects against dementia remains unexplored.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, toxicity profile, and neuroprotective activity of fermented M. oleifera and G. lucidum mixture (FMG) in scopolamine-induced dementia model rats.
Methods: FMG was produced by fermentation with Bacillus subtilis. A state of cognitive impairment was induced in rats via daily intraperitoneal administration of scopolamine (4 mg/kg) for 28 days. Following a two-week treatment period, cognitive function was assessed using the Y-maze. Postmortem analyses included biochemical assays to measure brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress markers, and histological examination of the hippocampus.
Results: LC-MS analysis revealed a rich phytochemical profile. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 200 mg/kg/day, while the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 600 mg/kg/day. Treatment at the 200 mg/kg dose significantly reversed memory deficits, restoring spontaneous alternation from 29.1% in scopolamine-treated rats to 82.6% (p < 0.05). This behavioral recovery was correlated with a significant reduction in brain AChE activity, a normalization of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels, and the restoration of hippocampal neuronal architecture.
Discussion and conclusions: The restorative effects of FMG are mediated by a dual mechanism involving the enhancement of central cholinergic and antioxidant systems. These results suggest that FMG possesses neuroprotective and antioxidant properties and could be a promising candidate for the management of cognitive deficits.
期刊介绍：
Pharmaceutical Biology will publish manuscripts describing the discovery, methods for discovery, description, analysis characterization, and production/isolation (including sources and surveys) of biologically-active chemicals or other substances, drugs, pharmaceutical products, or preparations utilized in systems of traditional medicine.
Topics may generally encompass any facet of natural product research related to pharmaceutical biology. Papers dealing with agents or topics related to natural product drugs are also appropriate (e.g., semi-synthetic derivatives). Manuscripts will be published as reviews, perspectives, regular research articles, and short communications. The primary criteria for acceptance and publication are scientific rigor and potential to advance the field.
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