Outdoor work as risk factor for facial melanoma: UV exposure, risk awareness, and occupational relevance

Abstract

Background

This study explored UV exposure and prevention behaviors among melanoma patients, focusing on occupational UV exposure, melanoma characteristics, risk awareness, and protective behaviors.

Patients and Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed demographics, melanoma characteristics, UV exposure, awareness, and preventive measures. Data were stratified by occupational exposure (indoor vs. outdoor) and analyzed using logistic regression to identify predictors for melanoma location.

Results

Among 406 patients (54% female; median age 57), 59 (15%) had a history of outdoor work. Outdoor workers were more likely to develop melanoma in sun-exposed areas. They also had a higher prevalence of facial melanoma (p = 0.020); those with facial involvement had worked outdoors twice as long as those with melanoma at other sites, indicating a dose-effect relationship. Logistic regression identified outdoor work (OR 2.47) and age (OR 1.05) as significant predictors of facial melanoma. A total of 229 patients (57%) were unaware of the potential harms of UV radiation before diagnosis. Among outdoor workers, only 3 (5%) reported frequent sun protection, while 33 (56%) used it rarely or never.

Conclusions

Outdoor work is a significant risk factor for facial melanoma in this cohort. Sun protection and UV awareness remain insufficient, particularly among outdoor workers, highlighting the need for targeted prevention.