Red Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolia)-based zinc oxide nanoparticles: A green approach to combat fish pathogens

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2026.104946

Cindy C.M. Santos , Peterson E.G. Paixão , Juliana O. Meneses , Joel A.R. Dias , Amanda S. Carvalho , Hugo Leandro dos Santos , Thigna de Carvalho Batista , Patricia Severino , Eliana B. Souto , Juliana C. Cardoso , Rodrigo Y. Fujimoto

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aquaculture production is often linked to improper use of chemotherapeutic agents for pathogen control, leading to adverse effects in organisms and environment. As an alternative over these toxicological agents, in this study we propose the development of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of red Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolia) (EERA) and tested them against fish pathogens. Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles had a mean hydrodynamic diameter of ca. 150 nm, and showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, as well as antifungal and antiparasitic activities against Saprolegnia parasitica and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, at the highest tested concentrations (10 and 15 mg/mL). The extract alone showed antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, but not against Streptococcus agalactiae, suggesting a synergistic effect between EERA and ZnO nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate that green ZnO nanoparticles hold significant potential as a multifunctional antimicrobial agent for managing various pathogens in aquaculture, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemotherapeutics.

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基于红蜘蛛（Schinus terebinthifolius）的氧化锌纳米粒子：一种对抗鱼类病原体的绿色方法

水产养殖生产往往与不恰当地使用化学治疗剂来控制病原体有关，导致对生物体和环境产生不利影响。作为这些毒理学试剂的替代方案，本研究提出利用红红沙蜥（Schinus terebinthifolia）（EERA）的乙醇提取物开发氧化锌纳米颗粒，并对其对鱼类病原体的作用进行了测试。绿色合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒的水动力平均直径约为150 nm，在最高浓度（10和15 mg/mL）下，氧化锌纳米颗粒具有广谱的抗菌活性，并对寄生病霉和多filiis鱼癣具有抗真菌和抗寄生活性。该提取物对嗜水气单胞菌具有抗菌活性，而对无乳链球菌无抗菌活性，提示纳米氧化锌与EERA具有协同作用。这些发现表明，绿色氧化锌纳米颗粒作为一种多功能抗菌剂具有巨大的潜力，可用于管理水产养殖中的各种病原体，为传统化疗提供了一种环保的替代方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

4.70%

发文量

185

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology publishes the results of studies concerning toxic and pharmacological effects of (human and veterinary) drugs and of environmental contaminants in animals and man. Areas of special interest are: molecular mechanisms of toxicity, biotransformation and toxicokinetics (including toxicokinetic modelling), molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms explaining differences in sensitivity between species and individuals, the characterisation of pathophysiological models and mechanisms involved in the development of effects and the identification of biological markers that can be used to study exposure and effects in man and animals. In addition to full length papers, short communications, full-length reviews and mini-reviews, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology will publish in depth assessments of special problem areas. The latter publications may exceed the length of a full length paper three to fourfold. A basic requirement is that the assessments are made under the auspices of international groups of leading experts in the fields concerned. The information examined may either consist of data that were already published, or of new data that were obtained within the framework of collaborative research programmes. Provision is also made for the acceptance of minireviews on (classes of) compounds, toxicities or mechanisms, debating recent advances in rapidly developing fields that fall within the scope of the journal.