Taiwan practical consensus for evaluation and management of small-bowel bleeding.

Abstract

Small-bowel bleeding, accounting for 5% to 10% of gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presents a distinct diagnostic challenge due to the organ's length and anatomical complexity. Over recent years, the management of small-bowel bleeding has significantly evolved, driven by advancements in both diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. This Taiwan Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (TASID) practical consensus integrates local epidemiology, up-to-date diagnostic advances, including early small-bowel capsule endoscopy, and emerging treatments for vascular lesions such as angiodysplasia. This practical consensus is divided into four major parts, including: (I) terminology regarding small-bowel bleeding and differential diagnosis, (II) evaluation of suspected small-bowel bleeding, (III) endoscopy for small-bowel bleeding, and (IV) medical treatment. Clinicians should be equipped to identify common causes of small-bowel bleeding, understand the advantages and limitations of various evaluation methods, and apply a stepwise, evidence-based approach in managing these patients.