The Epithelial Egg Tooth of the Chicken Shares Protein Markers with the Embryonic Subperiderm and Feathers.

IF 2.4 Q3 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Journal of Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI:10.3390/jdb14010001

Attila Placido Sachslehner, Julia Steinbinder, Claudia Hess, Veronika Mlitz, Leopold Eckhart

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Abstract

The epithelial egg tooth is used by birds to open the eggshell for hatching. This ectodermal structure consists of a multilayered periderm and a hard cornified portion, the caruncle or actual egg tooth. Here, we determined the protein composition of the egg tooth of the chicken and compared the proteins to markers of other epithelia identified in previous studies. The egg tooth and the upper beak of chicken embryos of Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 44 were subjected to mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We found that scaffoldin, a marker of the embryonic periderm and the feather sheath, was enriched in the egg tooth relative to the beak. Likewise, Epidermal Differentiation protein containing DPCC Motifs (EDDM) and Epidermal Differentiation protein starting with a MTF motif and rich in Histidine (EDMTFH), which had previously been characterized as markers of the subperiderm on embryonic scutate scales and the barbs of feathers, were also enriched in the egg tooth. The expression of EDDM and EDMTFH was confirmed RT-PCR analysis. Our data suggest that the epithelial egg tooth is related to the subperiderm and feathers, a hypothesis with potentially important implications for the evolution of the avian integument.

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鸡上皮蛋齿与胚胎下周皮和羽毛具有相同的蛋白标记。

上皮卵齿是鸟类用来打开蛋壳孵化的。这种外胚层结构包括多层的周皮和坚硬的角质部分，即卵齿或实际的卵齿。在这里，我们确定了鸡蛋齿的蛋白质组成，并将蛋白质与先前研究中发现的其他上皮标志物进行了比较。采用质谱技术对汉堡和汉密尔顿（HH） 44期鸡胚的蛋齿和上喙进行了蛋白质组学研究。我们发现，相对于喙，蛋齿中含有丰富的支架蛋白，这是胚胎周皮和羽毛鞘的标记。同样，含有DPCC基序的表皮分化蛋白（EDDM）和以MTF基序开始并富含组氨酸的表皮分化蛋白（EDMTFH），这些蛋白之前被认为是胚胎鳞片和羽毛倒刺上的下周表皮标记，也在卵齿中富集。RT-PCR分析证实EDDM和EDMTFH的表达。我们的数据表明，上皮性卵齿与下周皮和羽毛有关，这一假设对鸟类被皮的进化具有潜在的重要意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Developmental Biology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Developmental Biology

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

18.50%

发文量

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Developmental Biology (ISSN 2221-3759) is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing, open access journal, which publishes reviews, research papers and communications on the development of multicellular organisms at the molecule, cell, tissue, organ and whole organism levels. Our aim is to encourage researchers to effortlessly publish their new findings or concepts rapidly in an open access medium, overseen by their peers. There is no restriction on the length of the papers; the full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material. Journal of Developmental Biology focuses on: -Development mechanisms and genetics -Cell differentiation -Embryonal development -Tissue/organism growth -Metamorphosis and regeneration of the organisms. It involves many biological fields, such as Molecular biology, Genetics, Physiology, Cell biology, Anatomy, Embryology, Cancer research, Neurobiology, Immunology, Ecology, Evolutionary biology.