Validation of a novel Real-LIFE test protocol on two log wood stoves

IF 8.8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI:10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101578

Claudia Schön , Juho Louhisalmi , Kamil Krpec , Hans Hartmann , Isaline Fraboulet , Benjamin Cea , Jarkko Tissari

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The use of log wood stoves is common in residential homes and are tested in a type test procedure following EN 16510-1:2022 at optimal combustion condition. Since this does not represent real-life operation, a novel test protocol was developed and validated using two different log wood stoves. The new test protocol includes the ignition phase (two batches) at natural draught, followed by three batches at nominal load, two batches at partial load and one final batch at overload. Typical emission parameters such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_X), organic gaseous carbon (OGC) emissions were recorded as well as TPM emissions in the hot undiluted flue gas. This study shows that it is challenging to get similar emission results for the same stove in different laboratories even when using the same fuel and well-defined test protocol, differences in results are due to measurement uncertainty, differences in appliance operations and not following exactly the defined Real-LIFE test protocol. Coefficients of variation for TPM, CO, OGC and NO_X were 17.8 %, 20.1 %, 30.6 % and 8.7 %, respectively for stove A and 32.7 %, 13.9 %, 19.6 % and 10.0 %, respectively for stove B based on two to three repetitions per lab. The novel test protocol showed that combustion appliances may behave differently in different combustion phases, and this emphasizes the importance of measuring different combustion conditions in official testing to ensure that the appliances work properly in the field and that the measured emissions cover the whole operating range.

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在两个原木炉灶上验证一种新的现实生活测试方案

原木炉灶的使用在住宅中很常见，并在最佳燃烧条件下按照EN 16510-1:2022的型式试验程序进行测试。由于这并不代表实际操作，因此开发了一种新的测试方案，并使用两种不同的原木炉灶进行了验证。新的测试方案包括自然吃水下的点火阶段（两批），随后是标称负荷下的三批，部分负荷下的两批和过载下的最后一批。记录了典型的排放参数，如一氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化物（NOX）、有机气态碳（OGC）排放以及热未稀释烟气中的TPM排放。这项研究表明，即使使用相同的燃料和定义明确的测试方案，在不同的实验室对同一炉子获得相似的排放结果也是具有挑战性的，结果的差异是由于测量不确定性，器具操作的差异以及不完全遵循定义的实际测试方案。在每个实验室重复2 - 3次的基础上，炉A的TPM、CO、OGC和NOX的变异系数分别为17.8%、20.1%、30.6%和8.7%，炉B的变异系数分别为32.7%、13.9%、19.6%和10.0%。新的测试方案表明，燃烧器具在不同的燃烧阶段可能表现不同，这强调了在官方测试中测量不同燃烧条件的重要性，以确保器具在现场正常工作，并确保测量的排放量覆盖整个工作范围。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy Conversion and Management-X Multiple-

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

3.20%

发文量

180

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： Energy Conversion and Management: X is the open access extension of the reputable journal Energy Conversion and Management, serving as a platform for interdisciplinary research on a wide array of critical energy subjects. The journal is dedicated to publishing original contributions and in-depth technical review articles that present groundbreaking research on topics spanning energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management, and sustainability. The scope of Energy Conversion and Management: X encompasses various forms of energy, including mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, magnetic, and electric energy. It addresses all known energy resources, highlighting both conventional sources like fossil fuels and nuclear power, as well as renewable resources such as solar, biomass, hydro, wind, geothermal, and ocean energy.