Deformation behavior and corrosion resistance of bio-inspired porous Ti-6Al-4V implants fabricated by selective laser melting

IF 5.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122147

Xianzheng Lu , Zhizhou Guo , Xiaojie Zhou , Jian Zhang , Xiaomin Chen , Xiaotong Pang , Yan Li , Chiping Lai , Luenchow Chan

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Abstract

Radially graded porous implants mimic natural bone's multi-level structure by precisely tailoring porosity distributions to address complex mechanical demands in bone grafting. This study thus designed three types of radially graded bio-inspired porous Ti-6Al-4 V (TC4) implants (i.e.: Gyroid, Diamond, and Schwarz structures) with approximately 63% average porosity based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), and fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). Their deformation behaviors, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance were systematically investigated using finite element analysis (FEA), compression testing, and electrochemical measurements. FEA results revealed that under compression, Gyroid and Diamond structures undergo cyclic deformation involving elastic yielding followed by progressive layer-by-layer fracture, whereas the Schwarz structure behaved similarly to brittle lattices, exhibiting a cycle of elastic yielding and bulk fracture of entire layers, eventually leading to gradual densification. These findings aligned with experimental observations: Gyroid suppressed delamination fracture through diagonal struts, Diamond showed progressive layer-by-layer compaction, and Schwarz underwent brittle collapse. The straight-through channels formed in Schwarz's orthogonal strut network (compared to the spiral/oblique channels of Gyroid/Diamond) facilitated uniform simulated body fluid (SBF) permeation and full surface coverage. This promoted the homogeneous formation of passive film, yielding superior long-term corrosion resistance (R_ct of 351.2 kΩ·cm² after 12 days immersion). In contrast, Diamond's high pore connectivity led to weakened corrosion resistance. Overall, the Schwarz structure demonstrated the closest elastic modulus to natural bone (2.25 GPa), the highest yield strength (203 MPa), and the lowest corrosion rate (1.62 × 10⁻⁵ mm·year⁻¹), satisfying both mechanical and corrosion resistance requirements for bone implants.

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选择性激光熔融制备仿生多孔Ti-6Al-4V植入物的变形行为和耐蚀性

径向梯度多孔植入物通过精确调整孔隙度分布来模拟天然骨的多层次结构，以满足骨移植中复杂的机械需求。因此，本研究设计了三种径向梯度仿生多孔ti - 6al - 4v （TC4）植入物（即：Gyroid， Diamond和Schwarz结构），基于三周期最小表面（TPMS），平均孔隙率约为63%，并通过选择性激光熔化（SLM）制造。通过有限元分析（FEA）、压缩测试和电化学测量，系统地研究了它们的变形行为、力学性能和耐腐蚀性。有限元分析结果表明，在压缩作用下，Gyroid和Diamond结构经历了弹性屈服和逐层渐进断裂的循环变形，而Schwarz结构则类似于脆性晶格，经历了整个层的弹性屈服和整体断裂的循环，最终导致逐渐致密化。这些发现与实验观察一致：Gyroid通过对角支柱抑制分层断裂，Diamond表现出逐层渐进的压实，而Schwarz则表现出脆性塌陷。在Schwarz的正交支撑网络中形成的直通式通道（与Gyroid/Diamond的螺旋/斜通道相比）促进了均匀的模拟体液（SBF）渗透和全表面覆盖。这促进了钝化膜的均匀形成，具有优异的长期耐腐蚀性（浸泡12天后的Rct为351.2 kΩ·cm2）。相比之下，金刚石的高孔隙连通性导致其耐腐蚀性减弱。总体而言，Schwarz结构表现出与天然骨最接近的弹性模量（2.25 GPa），最高的屈服强度（203 MPa）和最低的腐蚀速率（1.62 × 10−5 mm·年−1），满足骨种植体的机械和耐腐蚀性要求。

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来源期刊

Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

15.40%

发文量

1047

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Powder Technology is an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Wet and Dry Particulate Systems. Powder Technology publishes papers on all aspects of the formation of particles and their characterisation and on the study of systems containing particulate solids. No limitation is imposed on the size of the particles, which may range from nanometre scale, as in pigments or aerosols, to that of mined or quarried materials. The following list of topics is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to indicate typical subjects which fall within the scope of the journal's interests: Formation and synthesis of particles by precipitation and other methods. Modification of particles by agglomeration, coating, comminution and attrition. Characterisation of the size, shape, surface area, pore structure and strength of particles and agglomerates (including the origins and effects of inter particle forces). Packing, failure, flow and permeability of assemblies of particles. Particle-particle interactions and suspension rheology. Handling and processing operations such as slurry flow, fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Interactions between particles and their environment, including delivery of particulate products to the body. Applications of particle technology in production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, pigments, structural, and functional materials and in environmental and energy related matters. For materials-oriented contributions we are looking for articles revealing the effect of particle/powder characteristics (size, morphology and composition, in that order) on material performance or functionality and, ideally, comparison to any industrial standard.