Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure Analysis of Introduced and Selectively Bred Generations in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus nigricans) Based on Microsatellite Analysis

IF 1.6 4区农林科学 Q4 FISHERIES

Journal of Applied Ichthyology Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI:10.1155/jai/5914559

Wenrui Shi, Tianlun Zheng, Fan Zhou, Xiaoming Chen, Xiaofeng Zhang, Wei Liu, Yuanfei Huang, Qinghui Meng

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Abstract

To assess the changes in genetic structure across generations of selectively bred largemouth bass (Micropterus nigricans) (F3, F4, F5, and F6), this study, in combination with an introduced population, utilized 15 pairs of microsatellite primers to analyze the genetic diversity and structure. The results revealed a total of 62 alleles (N_a), with an average of 4.160 alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity (H_o) was 0.559, and the average expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.529. The introduced population exhibited the highest genetic diversity parameters, including polymorphic information content (PIC), N_a effective number of alleles (N_e), H_o, H_e, and Shannon’s information index (I). In contrast, the selectively bred populations showed a gradual decline, with PIC ranging from 0.398 to 0.494, N_a from 3.533 to 4.000, N_e from 2.008 to 2.387, H_o from 0.480 to 0.589, H_e from 0.457 to 0.550, and I from 0.794 to 0.990, indicating a moderate level of polymorphism. The F-test in different generations of selectively bred populations revealed that 10 loci had negative inbreeding coefficients (F_is), while 5 loci had positive values, suggesting a low level of inbreeding across generations. Overall, the introduced and selectively bred populations exhibited a moderate level of genetic differentiation, with low to moderate genetic differentiation observed. AMOVA revealed that 92% of the variation originated within individuals. UPGMA clustering and PCoA analysis demonstrated significant genetic differentiation between the selectively bred populations and the introduced population. In conclusion, the introduced population exhibited higher genetic diversity compared to the selectively bred populations. The genetic diversity of the selectively bred populations showed a declining trend as the selection process progressed, highlighting the importance of evaluating genetic diversity while improving target traits during selection. This study provides scientific guidance for the selection of new varieties and the evaluation and conservation of germplasm resources in largemouth bass.

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基于微卫星分析的黑口鱼引种代和选育代遗传多样性及遗传结构分析

为了评估选择性繁殖黑鲈（Micropterus nigricans） F3、F4、F5和F6的遗传结构变化，本研究结合一个引进群体，利用15对微卫星引物对遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。结果显示，共有62个等位基因（Na），平均每个位点有4.160个等位基因。平均观察杂合度（Ho）为0.559，平均期望杂合度（He）为0.529。引进群体的多态性信息含量（PIC）、Na有效等位基因数（Ne）、Ho、He和Shannon’s信息指数(I)等遗传多样性指标最高。选择性群体PIC为0.398 ~ 0.494，Na为3.533 ~ 4.000，Ne为2.008 ~ 2.387，Ho为0.480 ~ 0.589，He为0.457 ~ 0.550，I为0.794 ~ 0.990，多态性水平中等。不同代间的f检验结果显示，10个位点的近交系数为负，5个位点的近交系数为正，表明代际间近交水平较低。总体而言，引种群体和选育群体表现出中等水平的遗传分化，遗传分化程度为低至中等。AMOVA显示，92%的变异源自个体内部。UPGMA聚类和PCoA分析表明，选育群体与引种群体之间存在显著的遗传分化。由此可见，引种群体的遗传多样性高于选育群体。随着选择过程的进行，选择群体的遗传多样性呈下降趋势，这突出了在选择过程中评估遗传多样性和提高目标性状的重要性。本研究为大口黑鲈新品种选育、种质资源评价与保护提供了科学指导。

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来源期刊

Journal of Applied Ichthyology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

2.30

自引率

11.10%

发文量

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Applied Ichthyology publishes articles of international repute on ichthyology, aquaculture, and marine fisheries; ichthyopathology and ichthyoimmunology; environmental toxicology using fishes as test organisms; basic research on fishery management; and aspects of integrated coastal zone management in relation to fisheries and aquaculture. Emphasis is placed on the application of scientific research findings, while special consideration is given to ichthyological problems occurring in developing countries. Article formats include original articles, review articles, short communications and technical reports.