Microbial ecology, functional implications, and associated factors influencing poultry intestinal health

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI:10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111065

Noor Aminullah , Hikmatullah Langar , Obaidullah Mahaq , Mohammad Naeem Azizi , Ahmadullah Zahir

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Gut health is a dynamic phenomenon regulated by the balanced interaction among gastrointestinal tract morphological structure, resident microbiota, and available nutrients, producing an integrated barrier that ensures efficient physiological functions, enhanced immune competence and optimal productivity. Gut health is recognised as a crucial factor for optimum management, farming economy, and sustainable commercial poultry production. Poultry gut health has become a central focus, particularly following restrictions applied on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry production due to rising global concerns about microbial resistance. Intestinal integrity and health are being regulated by microbiota metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which modulate intestinal morphogenesis vis-à-vis villus size, crypt depth and physiological functions, including feed digestion, nutrients synthesis and absorption, and immune response. Any disturbances arising from nutritional imbalances, microbial infections, environmental stress, or poor management practices compromise epithelial health, barrier integrity, and physiological functions, leading to impaired growth performance and productivity. This review provides an overview of poultry gut health, highlighting the interdependence of gut microbiota, gut morphogenesis, physiology, environmental factors affecting gut health, and management approaches for sustainable poultry production.

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微生物生态学、功能意义和影响家禽肠道健康的相关因素

肠道健康是一种动态现象，由胃肠道形态结构、常驻微生物群和可用营养物质之间的平衡相互作用调节，形成一个完整的屏障，确保有效的生理功能、增强的免疫能力和最佳的生产力。肠道健康被认为是优化管理、养殖经济和可持续商业家禽生产的关键因素。家禽肠道健康已成为焦点，特别是由于全球对微生物耐药性的担忧日益加剧，在家禽生产中使用抗菌生长促进剂受到限制之后。肠道的完整性和健康受到微生物群代谢物如短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的调节，它们调节肠道形态发生，如-à-vis绒毛大小、隐窝深度和生理功能，包括饲料消化、营养物质的合成和吸收以及免疫反应。任何由营养失衡、微生物感染、环境压力或管理不善引起的干扰都会损害上皮健康、屏障完整性和生理功能，导致生长性能和生产力受损。本文综述了家禽肠道健康的概况，强调了肠道微生物群、肠道形态发生、生理、影响肠道健康的环境因素以及可持续家禽生产的管理方法之间的相互依存关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 农林科学-免疫学

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.60%

发文量

审稿时长

70 days

期刊介绍： The journal reports basic, comparative and clinical immunology as they pertain to the animal species designated here: livestock, poultry, and fish species that are major food animals and companion animals such as cats, dogs, horses and camels, and wildlife species that act as reservoirs for food, companion or human infectious diseases, or as models for human disease. Rodent models of infectious diseases that are of importance in the animal species indicated above,when the disease requires a level of containment that is not readily available for larger animal experimentation (ABSL3), will be considered. Papers on rabbits, lizards, guinea pigs, badgers, armadillos, elephants, antelope, and buffalo will be reviewed if the research advances our fundamental understanding of immunology, or if they act as a reservoir of infectious disease for the primary animal species designated above, or for humans. Manuscripts employing other species will be reviewed if justified as fitting into the categories above. The following topics are appropriate: biology of cells and mechanisms of the immune system, immunochemistry, immunodeficiencies, immunodiagnosis, immunogenetics, immunopathology, immunology of infectious disease and tumors, immunoprophylaxis including vaccine development and delivery, immunological aspects of pregnancy including passive immunity, autoimmuity, neuroimmunology, and transplanatation immunology. Manuscripts that describe new genes and development of tools such as monoclonal antibodies are also of interest when part of a larger biological study. Studies employing extracts or constituents (plant extracts, feed additives or microbiome) must be sufficiently defined to be reproduced in other laboratories and also provide evidence for possible mechanisms and not simply show an effect on the immune system.