Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea in obese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI:10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.003

Catharina Tao, Mary Fortune, Emma A Webb, Theofilos Polychronakis

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is prevalent among children with obesity and is associated with long-term morbidity.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for OSA among children (0-18) who are overweight/obese. Risk factors reviewed included overall adiposity, regional fat distribution, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, sex, ethnicity, and airway neuromuscular tone. PubMed and Embase were searched in July 2025. Random-effects models were applied.

Results: Forty-seven studies were included. Children with OSA had higher BMI z-scores (mean difference (MD) = 0.30), neck circumference (MD = 2.19 cm), and waist circumference (MD = 5.99 cm) compared to obese children without OSA. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and male sex associated with higher OSA odds (adenoid odds ratio (OR) = 3.28, tonsil OR = 4.16, Male OR = 1.51). Studies also suggested airway neuromuscular tone and non-Caucasian ethnicity as risk factors, but further research is needed.

Conclusion: OSA in obese children is likely to be multifactorial. Assessment accounting for multiple factors may improve screening accuracy and guide targeted interventions in this high-risk population.

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肥胖儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的危险因素：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

背景：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）在肥胖儿童中普遍存在，并与长期发病率相关。方法：我们对超重/肥胖儿童（0-18岁）的OSA危险因素进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。危险因素包括整体肥胖、区域脂肪分布、腺扁桃体肥大、性别、种族和气道神经肌肉张力。PubMed和Embase于2025年7月被检索。采用随机效应模型。结果：纳入47项研究。与无OSA的肥胖儿童相比，OSA患儿的BMI z-score（平均差值(MD) = 0.30）、颈围（MD = 2.19 cm）和腰围（MD = 5.99 cm）均较高。腺扁桃体肥大和男性与较高的OSA风险相关（腺样体风险比(OR) = 3.28，扁桃体风险比= 4.16，男性风险比= 1.51）。研究还表明气道神经肌肉张力和非白种人种族是危险因素，但需要进一步的研究。结论：肥胖儿童的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停可能是多因素的。考虑多种因素的评估可以提高筛查的准确性，并指导对这一高危人群进行有针对性的干预。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 医学-呼吸系统

CiteScore

12.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Paediatric Respiratory Reviews offers authors the opportunity to submit their own editorials, educational reviews and short communications on topics relevant to paediatric respiratory medicine. These peer reviewed contributions will complement the commissioned reviews which will continue to form an integral part of the journal. Subjects covered include: • Epidemiology • Immunology and cell biology • Physiology • Occupational disorders • The role of allergens and pollutants A particular emphasis is given to the recommendation of "best practice" for primary care physicians and paediatricians. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews is aimed at general paediatricians but it should also be read by specialist paediatric physicians and nurses, respiratory physicians and general practitioners. It is a journal for those who are busy and do not have time to read systematically through literature, but who need to stay up to date in the field of paediatric respiratory and sleep medicine.