NOX1 gene expression and hormonal alteration in hypothyroidism-associated female infertility.

IF 1.9 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation Pub Date : 2026-01-06 eCollection Date: 2026-03-01 DOI:10.1515/hmbci-2025-0075

Jineesh Valluvanga Chalil, Anbalagan Gnanavel, Sundaresan Saravana Kumar, Kesavi Durairaj, Jisha Anjali Madhavan Pillai, Jayasudha Edatholath, Priyanka Krishnan, Nitha Nellikuzhimalayil Parameswaran, Viji Krishnan, Dinesh Roy Divakaran

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Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the association of NOX1 gene expression with reproductive hormonal changes in hypothyroid infertile women and assess their diagnostic performance.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 150 infertile women with hypothyroidism and 150 healthy age-matched fertile controls. Hormonal (FSH, LH, prolactin) and molecular (NOX1 expression) parameters were measured using standardized assays including qRT-PCR. Group comparisons, Spearman's correlation analyses, scatterplot visualizations, and ROC curve evaluations were conducted to determine associations and diagnostic performance.

Results: Hypothyroid infertile women exhibited significantly elevated FSH (19.9 ± 7.5 mIU/mL), LH (20.0 ± 7.6 mIU/mL), prolactin (21.9 ± 8.4 ng/mL), and TSH (7.2 ± 1.8 µIU/mL), along with reduced T3 (0.82 ± 0.21 ng/mL) and T4 (5.1 ± 1.2 μg/dL) compared to controls (p<0.01). NOX1 expression was markedly higher in peripheral blood (1.9 ± 0.9 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2; p<0.01). Moderate positive correlations were observed between NOX1 and FSH (r=0.5638), LH (r=0.5787), and prolactin (r=0.5968), all statistically significant (p<0.01). ROC analysis showed good diagnostic accuracy for FSH (AUC 0.801), LH (AUC 0.732), and prolactin (AUC 0.748), while NOX1 demonstrated superior discriminative performance (AUC 0.835) with 100 % specificity and a positive predictive value of 100 %.

Conclusions: Hypothyroidism-associated infertility is characterized by combined endocrine imbalance and heightened oxidative stress. The strong discriminative ability and hormonal correlations of NOX1 expression suggest its potential use as a molecular biomarker to support infertility risk detection in thyroid-compromised women, providing a basis for oxidative-stress-targeted therapeutic strategies.

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甲状腺功能减退相关女性不孕症中NOX1基因表达和激素改变。

目的：探讨NOX1基因表达与甲状腺功能低下不孕妇女生殖激素变化的关系，并评价其诊断价值。方法：对150例甲状腺功能减退的不孕妇女和150例年龄匹配的健康生育对照进行病例对照研究。采用包括qRT-PCR在内的标准化检测方法测量激素（FSH、LH、催乳素）和分子（NOX1表达）参数。通过组间比较、Spearman相关分析、散点图可视化和ROC曲线评价来确定相关性和诊断表现。结果：与对照组相比，甲状腺功能减退性不孕症患者FSH（19.9±7.5 mIU/mL）、LH（20.0±7.6 mIU/mL）、泌乳素（21.9±8.4 ng/mL）和TSH（7.2±1.8 μ IU/mL）显著升高，T3（0.82±0.21 ng/mL）和T4（5.1±1.2 μg/dL）降低。结论：甲状腺功能减退性不孕症的特点是内分泌失衡和氧化应激升高。NOX1表达的强区分能力和激素相关性提示其可能作为一种分子生物标志物，支持甲状腺功能低下妇女的不孕风险检测，为氧化应激靶向治疗策略提供基础。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation (HMBCI) is dedicated to the provision of basic data on molecular aspects of hormones in physiology and pathophysiology. The journal covers the treatment of major diseases, such as endocrine cancers (breast, prostate, endometrium, ovary), renal and lymphoid carcinoma, hypertension, cardiovascular systems, osteoporosis, hormone deficiency in menopause and andropause, obesity, diabetes, brain and related diseases, metabolic syndrome, sexual dysfunction, fetal and pregnancy diseases, as well as the treatment of dysfunctions and deficiencies. HMBCI covers new data on the different steps and factors involved in the mechanism of hormone action. It will equally examine the relation of hormones with the immune system and its environment, as well as new developments in hormone measurements. HMBCI is a blind peer reviewed journal and publishes in English: Original articles, Reviews, Mini Reviews, Short Communications, Case Reports, Letters to the Editor and Opinion papers. Ahead-of-print publishing ensures faster processing of fully proof-read, DOI-citable articles.