Molecular detection and zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in cats and dogs from metropolitan areas of Bangladesh

IF 3.1 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Food and Waterborne Parasitology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00314

Ainun Nahar , Md. Farhan Hasan , Anas Bin Harun , Abdullah Al Bayazid , Tania Sultana , Jinnat Rehena , Joynti Saha , S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki , Md. Mizanur Rahman , Md. Ataur Rahman , Md Robiul Karim

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Abstract

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are intestinal protozoan parasites of zoonotic concern that cause gastrointestinal diseases in humans and various animals, including cats and dogs. This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in domestic cats and dogs in Bangladesh to assess their zoonotic potential. Fecal samples were collected from 197 cats and 120 dogs in Dhaka and Gazipur metropolitan areas. We performed nested PCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene for Cryptosporidium and the β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes for G. duodenalis, followed by nucleotide sequencing and analysis. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 8.1 % in cats and 4.2 % in dogs, whereas G. duodenalis was more common, detected in 29.9 % of cats and 25 % of dogs. Among examined variables, only sex and food types were significantly associated with G. duodenalis infection in dogs and cats, respectively. Molecular analysis identified three Cryptosporidium spp. in cats, including C. felis (81.3 %), C. baileyi (12.5 %), and C. canis (6.3 %), whereas 100 % of Cryptosporidium isolates from dogs were identified as C. canis. Multilocus genotyping of G. duodenalis revealed both host-adapted and zoonotic assemblages. Assemblage A predominated in both cats and dogs, followed by F and C in cats and C and D in dogs, with mixed infections observed in both hosts. The detection of zoonotic species and assemblages underscores the potential role of cats and dogs as reservoirs for human infection. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring intestinal protozoa in companion animals and promoting appropriate hygiene practices within a One Health framework.

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孟加拉国大都市地区猫和狗中隐孢子虫和十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫的分子检测和人畜共患潜力

隐孢子虫和十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫是引起人畜共患的肠道原生动物寄生虫，可引起人类和各种动物（包括猫和狗）的胃肠道疾病。本研究调查了孟加拉国家猫和狗中隐孢子虫和十二指肠绦虫的流行、危险因素和遗传多样性，以评估其人畜共患的可能性。在达卡和加济普尔市区收集了197只猫和120只狗的粪便样本。我们对隐孢子虫的小亚基核糖体RNA （SSU rRNA）基因和十二指肠棘球蚴的β-贾丁素（bg）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh）和三磷酸异构酶（tpi）基因进行巢式PCR，然后进行核苷酸测序和分析。猫和狗的隐孢子虫总体患病率分别为8.1%和4.2%，而十二指肠隐孢子虫更为常见，分别为29.9%和25%。在研究的变量中，只有性别和食物类型分别与狗和猫的十二指肠梭菌感染显著相关。分子分析鉴定出猫隐孢子虫属3种，分别为猫隐孢子虫属（81.3%）、贝利隐孢子虫属（12.5%）和犬隐孢子虫属（6.3%），而犬隐孢子虫属100%为犬隐孢子虫属。十二指肠棘球蚴的多位点基因分型显示了宿主适应性和人畜共患性组合。组合A在猫和狗中都占主导地位，其次是F和C在猫中，C和D在狗中，在两种宿主中都观察到混合感染。人畜共患疾病种类和组合的检测强调了猫和狗作为人类感染宿主的潜在作用。这些发现强调了在“同一个健康”框架内监测伴侣动物肠道原生动物和促进适当卫生习惯的重要性。

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来源期刊

Food and Waterborne Parasitology Immunology and Microbiology-Parasitology

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： Food and Waterborne Parasitology publishes high quality papers containing original research findings, investigative reports, and scientific proceedings on parasites which are transmitted to humans via the consumption of food or water. The relevant parasites include protozoa, nematodes, cestodes and trematodes which are transmitted by food or water and capable of infecting humans. Pertinent food includes products of animal or plant origin which are domestic or wild, and consumed by humans. Animals and plants from both terrestrial and aquatic sources are included, as well as studies related to potable and other types of water which serve to harbor, perpetuate or disseminate food and waterborne parasites. Studies dealing with prevalence, transmission, epidemiology, risk assessment and mitigation, including control measures and test methodologies for parasites in food and water are of particular interest. Evidence of the emergence of such parasites and interactions among domestic animals, wildlife and humans are of interest. The impact of parasites on the health and welfare of humans is viewed as very important and within scope of the journal. Manuscripts with scientifically generated information on associations between food and waterborne parasitic diseases and lifestyle, culture and economies are also welcome. Studies involving animal experiments must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences.