Bioinspired organometallic synthesis of iron nanoparticles using Thuja occidentalis: Anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

IF 1.4 Q2 Medicine

Advances in integrative medicine Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI:10.1016/j.aimed.2025.100608

Chandana Yesudas , Uma Maheshwari , Krishnan Raguvaran , Murni Handayani , Rajeshwari-Srinivasan Kaarmukhilnilavan , Illakkiam Devaraj , Murugesan Mohana Keerthi , Sri Sudewi , Akhtar Rasool

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) synthesized using the homeopathic medicine Thuja occidentalis mother tincture represent a promising candidate in nanomedicine due to their broad therapeutic potential. This study focuses on the characterization and biological evaluation of these nanoparticles synthesized through a green route.

Methods

Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were prepared using a green synthesis approach with Thuja occidentalis mother tincture as the reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X–ray (SEM–EDX) analysis, X–ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA).

Results

The anticancer activity of Thuja occidentalis-functionalized iron nanoparticles (TIONPs) was evaluated against AGS gastric cancer cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, revealing a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while anti-inflammatory potential was assessed via the albumin denaturation assay. Both tests demonstrated significant efficacy of the nanoparticles.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that Thuja occidentalis-functionalized iron nanoparticles (TIONPs) effectively target cancer cells, scavenge free radicals, and inhibit protein denaturation. The synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using Thuja occidentalis mother tincture is a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy, providing an avenue for developing safe nanomaterials with diverse biomedical applications.

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生物启发的有机金属合成铁纳米粒子利用西花：抗癌，抗氧化和抗炎特性

利用顺势疗法药物西藤母酊剂合成的铁纳米粒子（FeNPs）因其广泛的治疗潜力而成为纳米医学领域的一个有前途的候选药物。本研究的重点是通过绿色途径合成的纳米颗粒的特性和生物学评价。方法采用绿色合成法制备铁纳米颗粒（FeNPs），并以西藤母酊剂为还原剂和稳定剂。采用紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、动态光散射（DLS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDX）、x射线衍射（XRD）和热重分析（TGA）对纳米颗粒进行了表征。结果采用3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑（MTT）法测定了西叶功能化铁纳米颗粒（TIONPs）对胃癌细胞的杀伤作用，发现其具有剂量依赖性。采用2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰肼（DPPH）法测定抗氧化活性，通过白蛋白变性法评估抗炎潜力。两项试验都证明了纳米颗粒的显著功效。结论西藤功能化铁纳米颗粒（TIONPs）具有靶向肿瘤细胞、清除自由基、抑制蛋白质变性的作用。利用西花母酊剂合成铁纳米颗粒（FeNPs）是一种可持续的、生态友好的策略，为开发具有多种生物医学应用的安全纳米材料提供了途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Advances in integrative medicine INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

11.80%

发文量

审稿时长

15 weeks

期刊介绍： Advances in Integrative Medicine (AIMED) is an international peer-reviewed, evidence-based research and review journal that is multi-disciplinary within the fields of Integrative and Complementary Medicine. The journal focuses on rigorous quantitative and qualitative research including systematic reviews, clinical trials and surveys, whilst also welcoming medical hypotheses and clinically-relevant articles and case studies disclosing practical learning tools for the consulting practitioner. By promoting research and practice excellence in the field, and cross collaboration between relevant practitioner groups and associations, the journal aims to advance the practice of IM, identify areas for future research, and improve patient health outcomes. International networking is encouraged through clinical innovation, the establishment of best practice and by providing opportunities for cooperation between organisations and communities.