The influence of interpersonal relationships on self-harm, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescents: A cross-sectional study in Eastern China

Abstract

Objectives

Personal relationships with parents, teachers, and peers strongly influence adolescent suicidal behaviors, yet limited research exists in Eastern China. This study aims to explore prevalence of self-harm, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adolescents in Eastern China, focusing on interpersonal relationships.

Study design

We conducted a cross-sectional survey in urban and rural areas of Anhui Province using self-administered questionnaires.

Methods

Participants (n = 2380) completed a questionnaire exploring interpersonal relationships, self-rated health, academic performance, mental health indicators (depression, anxiety and self-esteem), and the three outcome measures (self-harm, suicide ideation and suicide attempts). Logistic regression models examined associations between suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors.

Results

Prevalence rates of self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among adolescents were 19.8 %, 44.3 %, and 11.9 %, respectively. Urban residence and female gender were significant risk factors, with females having a 2.3-fold higher prevalence of suicide attempts (17.1 % vs. 7.4 %). Poor relationships with ban zhu ren (class teachers) (p = 0.002, OR:1.34 to 1.61), classmates (p < 0.001, OR: 1.77 to 1.96), father (p < 0.001, OR: 1.77 to 1.93), mother (p < 0.001, OR: 1.80 to 2.47), and between parents themselves (p < 0.001, OR: 2.43 to 2.91) were associated with increased risks of self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among adolescents.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of suicidal behaviors among adolescents underscores the urgent need for enhanced social support and professional intervention strategies.