Expanding pharmacogenomics in the community pharmacy setting: A survey of Alabama community pharmacists' confidence, perceptions, interest, and preparedness

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI:10.1016/j.japh.2025.103012

Courtney S. Watts Alexander, Lucia G. Tocco, Lena D. McDowell, Lindsey A. Hohmann, Kimberly Braxton Lloyd, Olivia G. Chafe, Courtney E. Gamston

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) clinical decision support (CDS) is essential for effective PGx implementation, yet most tools remain confined to institutional settings. Community pharmacists, who make up nearly half of the U.S. pharmacy workforce, are among the most accessible health care providers, offering care without appointments and reaching patients across both urban and rural areas. This accessibility positions them as critical entry points for delivering PGx services and advancing equitable access. However, many lack the training and resources necessary to provide informed PGx care.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to survey Alabama community pharmacists to assess confidence in PGx knowledge and experiences, perceived benefits and barriers, and interest and preparedness for implementation, with attention to the role of CDS tools.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was distributed via email to Alabama pharmacists between September and October 2024. Items included Likert-type scales, multiple-choice, yes/no, and open responses. Descriptive statistics characterized responses, and Mann-Whitney U tests compared responses between subgroups.

Results

Of 1638 invited pharmacists, 233 responded (14.2%), with 135 included in the analysis. Participants were primarily female (70.9%), urban (81.5%), and averaged 45.4 years of age. Only 19% reported prior PGx training. Confidence in foundational knowledge was low (mean scale score = 2.74, standard deviation [SD] = 0.44). Perceived benefits were high (mean scale score = 4.06, SD = 0.17). Interest and preparedness varied (interest = 3.52 [SD = 0.15]; preparedness = 2.69 [SD = 0.32]). Fifty percent desired PGx-CDS tools, and 53% expressed interest in offering PGx services; however, few reported adequate site resources.

Conclusion

Alabama pharmacists expressed strong PGx interest and perceived benefits, but reported gaps in knowledge, confidence, and infrastructure. Given their accessibility, community pharmacists represent a critical bridge to equitable PGx adoption. Expanding PGx education, training, and CDS integration is essential to enable sustainable PGx delivery in community pharmacy.

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扩大药物基因组学在社区药房设置：阿拉巴马州社区药剂师的信心，观念，兴趣和准备的调查。

背景：药物基因组学（PGx）临床决策支持（CDS）对于有效实施PGx至关重要，但大多数工具仍然局限于机构设置。社区药剂师占美国药房劳动力的一半以上，是最容易获得的医疗保健提供者之一，提供无需预约的护理，并为城市和农村地区的患者提供服务。这种可访问性使它们成为提供PGx服务和促进公平获取的关键切入点。然而，许多人缺乏必要的培训和资源来提供知情的PGx护理。目的：本研究的目的是调查阿拉巴马州社区药剂师评估对PGx知识和经验的信心，感知的利益和障碍，以及实施的兴趣和准备，并关注CDS工具的作用。方法：于2024年9 - 10月通过电子邮件对阿拉巴马州药师进行横断面调查。项目包括李克特量表、多项选择、是/否和开放式回答。描述性统计描述了反应，Mann-Whitney U检验比较了亚组之间的反应。结果：1638名受邀药师中，有233人回复，占14.2%，其中135人纳入分析。参与者主要是女性（70.9%），城市（81.5%），平均年龄为45.4岁。只有19%的人表示之前接受过PGx培训。对基础知识的信心较低（量表平均得分为2.74,SD = 0.44）。感知效益高（量表平均得分= 4.06,SD = 0.17）。兴趣和准备程度各不相同（兴趣= 3.52 [SD = 0.15]，准备程度= 2.69 [SD = 0.32]）。50%的人希望使用PGx- cds工具，53%的人表示有兴趣提供PGx服务；然而，很少有人报告有足够的场地资源。结论：阿拉巴马州的药剂师表达了强烈的PGx兴趣和感知的利益，但报告的知识，信心和基础设施的差距。鉴于其可及性，社区药剂师是公平采用PGx的关键桥梁。扩大PGx教育、培训和CDS整合对于社区药房可持续提供PGx至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 医学-药学

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

14.30%

发文量

336

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the American Pharmacists Association is the official peer-reviewed journal of the American Pharmacists Association (APhA), providing information on pharmaceutical care, drug therapy, diseases and other health issues, trends in pharmacy practice and therapeutics, informed opinion, and original research. JAPhA publishes original research, reviews, experiences, and opinion articles that link science to contemporary pharmacy practice to improve patient care.