Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ferroelectric Ceramic X-Ray Detectors with High-Temperature Self-Driven Sensitivity and Low Detection Limit

Abstract

Advancing X-ray detection technology hinges on creating next-generation direct-detection semiconductors that unite high sensitivity, exceptional stability, and self-powered functionality. Here, Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ (PZT) ceramic is developed as a novel self-powered X-ray detection material due to its huge internal electrostatic field. Under 70 keV X-ray radiation, the PZT ceramic detector shows a high sensitivity of 1196.82 µC Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻² at room temperature, which is about 60 times larger than commercial α-Se. Meanwhile, the minimum detectable limit reaches 7.31 nGy_air s⁻¹ under 40 keV X-ray. Interestingly, the self-powered PZT ceramic detection properties can be regulated by temperature. At 125°C, the PZT detector exhibits a record self-powered sensitivity of 544.69 µC Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻² and an ultralow detection limit of 10.71 nGy_air s⁻¹ under 70 keV X-ray radiation. Moreover, the imaging capability of the self-powered PZT ceramic detector is successfully demonstrated at 125°C. This first demonstration of heavy-metal-containing ferroelectric ceramics as excellent self-powered X-ray detection materials marks a breakthrough, revealing their potential for future high-temperature applications and significantly advancing the use of ferroelectrics in this field.