Determinants of tuberculosis infection and disease in paediatric patients in the Czech Republic after tuberculosis exposure.

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

International Health Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI:10.1093/inthealth/ihaf151

Luboš Bača, Martin Magner, Karolína Doležalová

{"title":"Determinants of tuberculosis infection and disease in paediatric patients in the Czech Republic after tuberculosis exposure.","authors":"Luboš Bača, Martin Magner, Karolína Doležalová","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf151","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a transmissible pathogen most commonly acquired through contact with an infectious individual. Early initiation of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) in high-risk populations can substantially reduce the risk of TB infection (TBI) and/or progression to active disease. Our objectives were to identify risk factors for children and adolescents developing TBI and TB after exposure and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of chest computed tomography (CT).Methods: A 6.5-year retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single centre in the Czech Republic to assess risk factors for TBI and TB in children and adolescents (0-18 y).Results: Of 335 children included in the study (median age 6.85 y), TBI was diagnosed in 83 (25%) and TB in 39 (12%). Chest CT in 45 high-risk contacts identified TB in an additional 13 participants. The key TB risk factor was index patients having smear-positive TB (odds ratio [OR] 11.35), while older age of contacts (OR 0.83) and non-household exposure (OR 0.23) had a lower risk of TB. TBI risk increased with age (OR 1.21), index smear-positive patients (OR 4.66) and when the father was the index patient (OR 2.91). Ukrainian refugee children had higher risks of TB (relative risk 3.4). Adherence to TPT in those who qualified was good.Conclusions: Risk factors for TBI and TB were identified, including children being from Ukraine. Chest CT may aid in early diagnosis of TB.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"767-772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530277/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf151","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a transmissible pathogen most commonly acquired through contact with an infectious individual. Early initiation of tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) in high-risk populations can substantially reduce the risk of TB infection (TBI) and/or progression to active disease. Our objectives were to identify risk factors for children and adolescents developing TBI and TB after exposure and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of chest computed tomography (CT).

Methods: A 6.5-year retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single centre in the Czech Republic to assess risk factors for TBI and TB in children and adolescents (0-18 y).

Results: Of 335 children included in the study (median age 6.85 y), TBI was diagnosed in 83 (25%) and TB in 39 (12%). Chest CT in 45 high-risk contacts identified TB in an additional 13 participants. The key TB risk factor was index patients having smear-positive TB (odds ratio [OR] 11.35), while older age of contacts (OR 0.83) and non-household exposure (OR 0.23) had a lower risk of TB. TBI risk increased with age (OR 1.21), index smear-positive patients (OR 4.66) and when the father was the index patient (OR 2.91). Ukrainian refugee children had higher risks of TB (relative risk 3.4). Adherence to TPT in those who qualified was good.

Conclusions: Risk factors for TBI and TB were identified, including children being from Ukraine. Chest CT may aid in early diagnosis of TB.

查看原文本刊更多论文

捷克共和国儿童结核病接触后结核病感染和疾病的决定因素。

背景：结核分枝杆菌是一种传染性病原体，最常通过接触传染性个体获得。在高危人群中早期开展结核病预防治疗（TPT）可大大降低结核病感染（TBI）和/或进展为活动性疾病的风险。我们的目的是确定暴露后儿童和青少年发生TBI和TB的危险因素，并评估胸部计算机断层扫描（CT）的诊断效用。方法：在捷克共和国的一个单一中心进行了一项为期6.5年的回顾性队列研究，以评估儿童和青少年（0-18岁）TBI和TB的危险因素。结果：在纳入研究的335名儿童（中位年龄6.85岁）中，83名（25%）诊断为TBI， 39名（12%）诊断为TB。45名高危接触者的胸部CT检查发现另外13名参与者患有结核病。关键的结核病危险因素是涂片阳性结核病指数患者（比值比[OR] 11.35），而年龄较大的接触者（OR 0.83）和非家庭接触者（OR 0.23）的结核病风险较低。TBI风险随年龄（OR 1.21）、指标涂片阳性患者（OR 4.66）和父亲为指标患者（OR 2.91）而增加。乌克兰难民儿童患结核病的风险较高（相对风险3.4）。符合条件的患者对TPT的依从性良好。结论：确定了TBI和TB的危险因素，包括来自乌克兰的儿童。胸部CT可能有助于肺结核的早期诊断。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： International Health is an official journal of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. It publishes original, peer-reviewed articles and reviews on all aspects of global health including the social and economic aspects of communicable and non-communicable diseases, health systems research, policy and implementation, and the evaluation of disease control programmes and healthcare delivery solutions. It aims to stimulate scientific and policy debate and provide a forum for analysis and opinion sharing for individuals and organisations engaged in all areas of global health.