Next-generation biocontrol: The role of antimicrobial peptides in sustainable agriculture

Abstract

Antibiotics have long been used in treating diseases caused by pathogens. However, their extensive and continuous use has led to developing resistance to pathogens, posing risks to plants and ultimately the environment. This challenge underscores the urgent need for innovative antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer an advantageous approach and are crucial for innate host defence. They are appropriate because of their specificity and efficacy as the first line of defence against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. AMPs are produced naturally by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, posing no environmental threat. AMPs have gained much attention as potential therapies for multidrug-resistant bacteria due to the rise in antibiotic resistance. This review presents recent advances and applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in agriculture and allied sectors. We also highlight their origins, structures, classifications, mechanisms of action, and potential strategies for increasing their production. Additionally, we discuss the widespread use of AMPs, addressing associated concerns and challenges, along with possible solutions. A comprehensive understanding and application of environmentally friendly biological agents, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), could help address issues like antimicrobial resistance (AMR).