Chemical Characterization and Comparative Biological Activities of Spinacia oleracea and Basella rubra Leaf Extracts.

IF 2.9 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Biochemistry Research International Pub Date : 2025-12-19 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1155/bri/7140041

Faria Shahid, Muhammad Adeel Razzaq, Ayesha Sajid, Yasameen Hameed Jasim, Salam Adil Ahmed, Muhammad Umair, Awais Ali, Aida Albadawy, Hazem Golshany, Zakir Hidayatallah

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Abstract

This study aimed to compare the in vitro biological activities of aqueous leaf extracts from Spinacia oleracea and Basella rubra. Extraction was performed using the maceration method, yielding 25% and 14%, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed that S. oleracea had higher total phenolic content (6.2 ± 0.4 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (3.8 ± 0.3 mg CE/g) compared to B. rubra. Conversely, B. rubra exhibited stronger antioxidant activity with 79.6% DPPH inhibition versus 64.2% in S. oleracea. In the α-amylase inhibition assay, B. rubra again showed higher enzyme inhibition (72.3%) compared to S. oleracea (51.1%), indicating greater antidiabetic potential. Both extracts displayed no antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Hemolysis assays indicated low cytotoxicity: 8.1% for S. oleracea and 5.4% for B. rubra. FTIR analysis identified bioactive functional groups, including phenols, carboxylic acids, glycosides, esters, and alkanes. These findings suggest that both plants possess antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory potential, warranting further in vivo and phytochemical investigations.

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马齿苋和红底草叶提取物的化学特性及比较生物学活性研究。

本研究旨在比较菠菜叶水提液和红底草叶水提液的体外生物活性。采用浸渍法提取，提取率分别为25%和14%。植物化学分析表明，甘蓝总酚含量（6.2±0.4 mg GAE/g）和类黄酮含量（3.8±0.3 mg CE/g）高于红草。相反，红草对DPPH的抑制率为79.6%，而马齿苋对DPPH的抑制率为64.2%。在α-淀粉酶抑制实验中，红毛茛的α-淀粉酶抑制率为72.3%，高于甘蓝（51.1%），显示出更强的降糖潜力。两种提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均无抑菌活性。溶血试验表明，马齿苋的细胞毒性较低，为8.1%，红草为5.4%。FTIR分析鉴定出生物活性官能团，包括酚类、羧酸类、糖苷类、酯类和烷烃。这些发现表明，这两种植物都具有抗氧化和酶抑制的潜力，需要进一步的体内和植物化学研究。

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