Effectiveness of monovalent vaccines in preventing death and severe disease among Omicron-infected and hospitalized patients in China

IF 4.8 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103109

Ming-Jin Liu , Wei Zhang , Chun-Xi Shan , Yao Tian , Qiang Xu , Mi Mu , Peng-Tao Bao , Yang Yang , Li-Qun Fang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The lifting of the zero-COVID policy in China in December of 2022 triggered a national surge of Omicron variants BA.5/BF.7 of SARS-CoV-2. The effectiveness of monovalent inactivated vaccines received by the majority of the Chinese population in reducing mortality and severe clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed BA.5/BF.7 infections remains unclear.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted electronic health record (EHR) data on baseline characteristics, vaccination history, and clinical outcome of in-patients in three Chinese hospitals whose infections with SARS-CoV-2 were laboratory-confirmed and admitted during 25 November 2022 − 27 January 2023. Logistic regression was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against death and severe disease (mechanical ventilator, intensive care unit or death), adjusting for potential confounders such as age group and chronic conditions.

Results

Among the 862 patients with vaccination information, 360 (41.8 %) received at least one dose of COVID vaccine and only 214 (24.8 %) received ≥ 3 doses. The VE of ≥ 3 doses was estimated to be 74 % (95 % CI: 43 %, 88 %) against death and 65 % (95 % CI: 45 %, 78 %) against severe disease, in reference to unvaccinated. The two most widely used vaccines in China, Sinopharm and Sinovac, showed comparable effectiveness against death for ≥ 3 doses, 80 % (95 % CI: 9 %, 96 %) vs. 66 % (95 % CI: 18 %, 86 %), respectively.

Conclusions

While being replaced by more effective bivalent vaccines, monovalent inactivated vaccines can be a valuable option for preventing death and severe disease in resource-limited settings.

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单价疫苗预防中国欧米克隆感染和住院患者死亡和重症的有效性

中国于2022年12月取消零冠政策，引发了BA.5/BF型欧米克隆病毒的全国性激增。SARS-CoV-2的7个。大多数中国人接种单价灭活疫苗在降低实验室确诊BA.5/BF住院患者死亡率和严重临床结局方面的有效性感染情况尚不清楚。方法在这项回顾性队列研究中，我们提取了2022年11月25日 至2023年1月27日期间中国三家医院实验室确诊并入院的SARS-CoV-2感染患者的基线特征、疫苗接种史和临床结局的电子健康记录（EHR）数据。使用Logistic回归来估计疫苗对死亡和重症（机械呼吸机、重症监护病房或死亡）的有效性（VE），并对年龄和慢性病等潜在混杂因素进行调整。结果在862例有疫苗接种信息的患者中，360例（41.8 %）接种了至少1剂COVID - 19疫苗，214例（24.8 %）接种了≥ 3剂。的VE≥ 3剂量估计74 %(95 % CI: 43 %,88 %)对死亡和65 %(95 % CI: 45 %,78 %)对严重疾病,在未接种疫苗。在中国两个最广泛使用的疫苗,国药控股北京科兴,显示类似的有效性对死亡≥ 3剂量,80 %(95 % CI: 9 %,96 %)和66 %(95 % CI: 18 %,86 %),分别。结论虽然单价灭活疫苗可以被更有效的二价疫苗所取代，但在资源有限的情况下，单价灭活疫苗可以成为预防死亡和严重疾病的一种有价值的选择。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection and Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CiteScore

13.10

自引率

1.50%

发文量

203

审稿时长

96 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other. The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners. It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.