West Nile Virus infection in the province of Seville. An emergent infection in Spain

IF 4.8 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.103072

Ana Caro-Leiro , Pedro María Martínez Pérez-Crespo , Manuela Aguilar-Guisado , Cristina Roca Oporto , Carmen Lozano Domínguez , Laura Merino Diaz , Reinaldo Espíndola Gómez , Elena Rubio Martín , Antonio Cristóbal Luque-Ambrosiani , Encarnación Ramírez de Arellano , Carmen Infante Domínguez , María Carmen Macías-Barrera , José Antonio Lepe , Nicolás Merchante Gutiérrez , José Miguel Cisneros

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

West Nile Virus (WNV) is becoming a severe problem in Europe. In 2020 and 2024, two unexpected and large outbreaks occurred in southern Spain, with a high rate of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND).

Objective

The aim of this study is to describe clinical and prognostic features of WNV infection.

Materials and methods

Retrospective multicentric cohort study of patients diagnosed with WNV infection in Seville (Spain) between 2020 and 2024.

Results

196 patients, 58.2 % of males, were diagnosed with WNV disease with a median age of 70 (49−78) for WNND and 46 (33−65) for West Nile Fever (WNF). One hundred eight patients (55.1 %) had associated comorbidity, including 22 (11.2 %) immunocompromised patients. 138 (70.4 %) patients required hospital admission with WNND (136, 69.4 %) as the main clinical syndrome, and 33 (16.8 %) were admitted to the ICU. Twenty-five patients (12.7 %) died during their admission; all of these patients had WNND. Twenty-one of the deaths (84 %) were directly related to meningoencephalitis. One hundred (58.5 %) of the survivors had sequelae at discharge.

Conclusion

In Spain, the first two large and unexpected outbreaks of WNV infection occurred in 2020 and 2024, resulting in high morbidity and mortality.

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塞维利亚省发生西尼罗河病毒感染。西班牙出现了一种突发传染病

西尼罗病毒（WNV）正在成为欧洲的一个严重问题。2020年和2024年，西班牙南部发生了两次意外的大规模疫情，西尼罗河神经侵袭性疾病（WNND）的发病率很高。目的探讨西尼罗河病毒感染的临床和预后特点。材料和方法对2020年至2024年西班牙塞维利亚确诊为西尼罗河病毒感染的患者进行回顾性多中心队列研究。结果196例患者（58.2% %）确诊为西尼罗河病毒病，西尼罗热（WNF）中位年龄为49 ~ 78岁，西尼罗热（WNF）中位年龄为46岁（33 ~ 65岁）。108例患者（55.1% %）有相关合并症，包括22例（11.2% %）免疫功能低下患者。138例（70.4 %）患者以WNND为主要临床综合征（136例，69.4% %）入院，33例（16.8 %）患者入住ICU。入院期间死亡25例（12.7 %）；所有这些患者都有WNND。死亡病例中有21例（84 %）与脑膜脑炎直接相关。100例（58.5% %）患者出院时有后遗症。结论西班牙在2020年和2024年发生了两次意外的西尼罗河病毒感染大暴发，发病率和死亡率均较高。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection and Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CiteScore

13.10

自引率

1.50%

发文量

203

审稿时长

96 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other. The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners. It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.