Matte smelting and vacuum volatilization: An integrated approach for efficient antimony-gold separation

IF 4.3 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI:10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.115011

Yue Liang , Lixin Xia , Jia Yang , Yao Wang , Fei Wang , Bin Yang , Baoqiang Xu , Wenlong Jiang , Daofei Zhu

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Abstract

This study proposes a novel matte smelting-vacuum volatilization method for the efficient separation of antimony and gold, which utilizes a low-melting-point B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂ slag system for matte smelting, coupled with vacuum volatilization to achieve efficient enrichment and recovery. The process first captures gold via matte smelting, producing a gold-rich antimony matte and slag. This step achieved an antimony recovery rate of 95.48%, with gold being almost entirely enriched in the matte. Subsequently, vacuum volatilization of the gold-containing antimony matte was conducted at 1073 K and 1 Pa, leveraging differences in elemental vapor pressures to achieve a 99.97% separation rate of antimony. The overall direct recovery of antimony reached 97.05%. The gold content in the residual concentrate was enriched from 18 g/t in the raw ore to 174 g/t, representing an 8.7-fold increase. The key innovation of this process is the integration of matte smelting with vacuum volatilization, which facilitates high recovery rates. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional methods, providing an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative for processing refractory antimony-gold concentrates.

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哑光熔炼和真空挥发：一种高效锑金分离的综合方法

本研究提出了一种新的哑光冶炼-真空挥发分离锑金的方法，该方法利用低熔点B2O3-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2渣体系进行哑光冶炼，结合真空挥发实现高效富集和回收。该工艺首先通过哑光熔炼获得黄金，产生富金的哑光锑和炉渣。该步骤锑回收率为95.48%，金几乎全部富集在矿石中。随后，在1073 K和1 Pa条件下对含金锑锍进行真空挥发，利用元素蒸气压的差异实现了99.97%的锑分离率。锑的总直接回收率达97.05%。金精矿中金的含量由原矿的18 g/t富集到174 g/t，提高了8.7倍。该工艺的关键创新之处在于将冰砂冶炼与真空挥发相结合，从而提高了回收率。该方法克服了传统方法的局限性，为处理难处理锑金精矿提供了一种高效、环保的替代方法。

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来源期刊

Vacuum 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

17.50%

发文量

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： Vacuum is an international rapid publications journal with a focus on short communication. All papers are peer-reviewed, with the review process for short communication geared towards very fast turnaround times. The journal also published full research papers, thematic issues and selected papers from leading conferences. A report in Vacuum should represent a major advance in an area that involves a controlled environment at pressures of one atmosphere or below. The scope of the journal includes: 1. Vacuum; original developments in vacuum pumping and instrumentation, vacuum measurement, vacuum gas dynamics, gas-surface interactions, surface treatment for UHV applications and low outgassing, vacuum melting, sintering, and vacuum metrology. Technology and solutions for large-scale facilities (e.g., particle accelerators and fusion devices). New instrumentation ( e.g., detectors and electron microscopes). 2. Plasma science; advances in PVD, CVD, plasma-assisted CVD, ion sources, deposition processes and analysis. 3. Surface science; surface engineering, surface chemistry, surface analysis, crystal growth, ion-surface interactions and etching, nanometer-scale processing, surface modification. 4. Materials science; novel functional or structural materials. Metals, ceramics, and polymers. Experiments, simulations, and modelling for understanding structure-property relationships. Thin films and coatings. Nanostructures and ion implantation.