Precision geronutrition: personalized nutritional strategies to extend healthy lifespan.

Abstract

Aging is a multifactorial and heterogeneous biological process, where chronological age alone does not accurately reflect an individual's functional or physiological state. The emerging discipline of precision geronutrition integrates the principles of geroscience with precision nutrition, aiming to delay the onset of age-related functional decline by modulating fundamental molecular mechanisms, such as nutrient-sensing pathways (mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins), inflammaging, and oxidative stress. A major barrier to progress has been the absence of validated biomarkers that can quantify biological aging and assess intervention efficacy. Recent advances in biological aging clocks, in particular DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks, provide powerful tools to objectively measure biological age, and evaluate the impact of nutritional interventions. This review discusses how personalized dietary strategies, guided by multi-omics data (genomic, metabolomic, and microbiome profiles), can decelerate aging trajectories. We propose that individualized daily nutrition, aligned with an individual's unique biological characteristics, represents a targeted and actionable approach to extend healthspan. The integration of dynamic aging clocks into nutritional intervention frameworks will be essential to transition from a diseaseoriented model to a preventive, healthspan-centered paradigm. Future challenges include large-scale clinical validation, standardization of aging biomarkers, cost reduction, and translation into public health and clinical applications. [BMB Reports 2026; 59(1): 51-59].