An attempt to measure yips symptoms for athletes: Scale development and examination of reliability and validity

Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI:10.1016/j.ajsep.2025.11.001

Chisato Kuribayashi , Masaya Takebe , Hirokazu Arai

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Abstract

The present study aimed to measure the symptoms of Yips and examine their reliability and validity. Of the 883 participants, approximately 28% (n=247, mean age= 30.93 years, SD=10.27; 103 women) reported experiencing Yips and were included in the main analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure comprising “Physical” and “Psychological” symptoms. Robust maximum likelihood estimation supported an acceptable model fit. High internal consistency was observed for both subscales. Construct validity was confirmed through correlations with the relevant subscales of the Trait Anxiety Inventory for Sports in a subsample of 72 athletes. Measurement invariance was also supported across sex and competition levels. These results suggest that the Yips Symptoms Scale is a reliable and valid measure, and that further validation using physiological and observational methods (e.g., electromyography) is warranted.

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运动员膝炎症状测量的尝试：量表开发及信效度检验

本研究旨在测量易患的症状，并检验其信度和效度。在883名参与者中，约28% （n=247，平均年龄= 30.93岁，SD=10.27； 103名女性）报告经历过yps，并被纳入主要分析。探索性和验证性因素分析揭示了由“生理”和“心理”症状组成的双因素结构。稳健的最大似然估计支持可接受的模型拟合。两个分量表的内部一致性很高。在72名运动员的子样本中，通过与运动特质焦虑量表的相关子量表的相关性来证实结构效度。测量不变性也支持跨性别和竞争水平。这些结果表明，Yips症状量表是一种可靠和有效的测量方法，并且有必要使用生理学和观察方法（例如肌电图）进一步验证。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量