Development of a novel elastase-induced saccular aneurysm model in rats suitable for testing endovascular devices: An experimental animal study.

Abstract

BackgroundAnimal models are essential for evaluating endovascular device safety and efficacy. Rats offer advantages, such as genetic manipulability, lower cost, and shorter healing and breeding cycles, compared to large animals. These features support studying aneurysm healing mechanisms and enable high-throughput testing. We developed an optimal rat aneurysm model for device evaluation.MethodsSaccular aneurysms were created at the origins of the left renal artery (LRA) with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (LRA/ASA group, n = 7); the right common iliac artery (RCIA) with ASA alone (RCIA/ASA group, n = 6) or ASA plus clopidogrel (CLP) (RCIA/ASA + CLP group, n = 7); and the left common iliac artery (LCIA) with ASA + CLP (LCIA/ASA + CLP group, n = 7). The origins of these arteries were surgically exposed. During temporary ligation of the vessel origin, the vessel was bisected and endoluminal elastase was incubated in the proximal stump for 10 min, followed by release of the proximal ligation and permanent ligation of the stump. Angiographical and histological analysis were performed 4 weeks post-procedure.ResultsFollow-up digital subtraction angiography revealed mean ± standard deviation aneurysm height/neck dimensions of 1.2 ± 0.4/1.2 ± 0.1, 2.9/3.1, 2.3 ± 0.6/1.9 ± 0.3, and 2.1 ± 0.6/2.0 ± 0.4 mm for the LRA/ASA, RCIA/ASA, RCIA/ASA + CLP, and LCIA/ASA + CLP groups, respectively. The survival rate was 29%, 17%, 71%, and 86% in the LRA/ASA, RCIA/ASA, RCIA/ASA + CLP, and LCIA/ASA + CLP groups, respectively. Histopathological analysis of these aneurysms confirmed the absence of the internal elastic lamina and revealed aneurysmal changes in the arterial wall, resembling the pathological findings observed in human aneurysm specimens.ConclusionsCommon iliac aneurysm models with ASA + CLP can be used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular devices.