Inadequate iodine status among women of childbearing age in Northern Norway: a cross-sectional study.

IF 4.5 4区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food & Nutrition Research Pub Date : 2025-02-26 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.29219/fnr.v69.10802

Maren Johnsen, Guri Skeie, Tonje Braaten, Marianne Hope Abel, Sandra Huber, Marian Kjellevold, Elin Evensen, Margaret Rayman, Solrunn Hansen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormones, normal metabolism, growth and development in the foetal period. Low iodine status in women of childbearing age is particularly worrying since iodine deficiency continues into pregnancy.

Objective: This study aimed to measure iodine status in non-pregnant and pregnant women in Northern Norway and investigate group differences and determinants of urine iodine concentrations (UICs) based on dietary factors and participants' knowledge about iodine.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included pregnant (n = 131) and non-pregnant (n = 493) women from the Northern Norway Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort Study 2 study (2017-2021) and the Fit Futures 3 study (2020-2021). UIC was measured in spot urine, and dietary iodine intake was calculated from food frequency questionnaires. Group differences in median UIC were explored using non-parametric tests. Associations between independent variables and median UIC were estimated through quantile regression, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results: Median UIC was 91 μg/L in non-pregnant and 134 μg/L in pregnant women, thus below the World Health Organization definition of insufficient iodine status of < 100 μg/L and 150 μg/L, respectively. Dairy products and lean fish were the most important dietary iodine sources, but the median estimated intake did not reach the recommended intake. Taking iodine supplements was the strongest determinant of UIC in both groups (P < 0.01), and users had adequate iodine status at a group level. A high proportion of the non-pregnant women (84%) were not taking iodine supplements. Poor knowledge about iodine in the participant groups was observed but was not associated with UIC.

Conclusion: Pregnant and non-pregnant women not using iodine supplements had inadequate iodine status and insufficient iodine intake. Supplement use or interventions at the societal level are essential to ensure adequate status in these vulnerable groups.

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挪威北部育龄妇女碘缺乏状况：一项横断面研究

背景：碘对胎儿期甲状腺激素、正常代谢、生长发育至关重要。育龄妇女的低碘状况尤其令人担忧，因为碘缺乏会持续到妊娠期。目的：本研究旨在测量挪威北部非孕妇和孕妇的碘状态，并根据饮食因素和参与者对碘的了解，探讨尿碘浓度（UICs）的群体差异和决定因素。方法：本横断面研究包括来自北挪威母婴污染物队列研究2（2017-2021）和Fit Futures 3研究（2020-2021）的孕妇（n = 131）和非孕妇（n = 493）。UIC通过尿样测量，膳食碘摄入量通过食物频率问卷计算。使用非参数检验探讨中位UIC的组间差异。通过分位数回归估计自变量与中位UIC之间的关联，调整相关协变量。结果：非孕妇的中位UIC为91 μg/L，孕妇的中位UIC为134 μg/L，低于世界卫生组织对碘不足状态< 100 μg/L和150 μg/L的定义。乳制品和瘦鱼是最重要的膳食碘来源，但估计摄入量的中位数未达到推荐摄入量。在两组中，补充碘是UIC的最重要决定因素（P < 0.01），且在组水平上，服用碘的人有足够的碘水平。很高比例的未怀孕妇女（84%）没有服用碘补充剂。观察到参与者组对碘的了解不足，但与UIC无关。结论：未使用碘补充剂的孕妇和非孕妇存在碘状态不足和碘摄入量不足。在社会一级补充使用或干预措施对于确保这些脆弱群体的适当地位至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Food & Nutrition Research FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-NUTRITION & DIETETICS

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Food & Nutrition Research is a peer-reviewed journal that presents the latest scientific research in various fields focusing on human nutrition. The journal publishes both quantitative and qualitative research papers. Through an Open Access publishing model, Food & Nutrition Research opens an important forum for researchers from academic and private arenas to exchange the latest results from research on human nutrition in a broad sense, both original papers and reviews, including: * Associations and effects of foods and nutrients on health * Dietary patterns and health * Molecular nutrition * Health claims on foods * Nutrition and cognitive functions * Nutritional effects of food composition and processing * Nutrition in developing countries * Animal and in vitro models with clear relevance for human nutrition * Nutrition and the Environment * Food and Nutrition Education * Nutrition and Economics Research papers on food chemistry (focus on chemical composition and analysis of foods) are generally not considered eligible, unless the results have a clear impact on human nutrition. The journal focuses on the different aspects of nutrition for people involved in nutrition research such as Dentists, Dieticians, Medical doctors, Nutritionists, Teachers, Journalists and Manufacturers in the food and pharmaceutical industries.