Synergistic antibacterial and anti-adhesion effects of zinc-based eugenol-modified composite coatings for marine antifouling applications

IF 7.9 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Progress in Organic Coatings Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109872

Xinyue Liang , Xu Zhang , Fa-Qian Liu

{"title":"Synergistic antibacterial and anti-adhesion effects of zinc-based eugenol-modified composite coatings for marine antifouling applications","authors":"Xinyue Liang , Xu Zhang , Fa-Qian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109872","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine biofouling severely impedes the development of marine engineering, while existing coatings suffer from inadequate environmental compatibility and insufficient long-term efficacy. To address these limitations, this study reported the fabrication of eugenol-functionalized ZnO (ZnO@Eug) via a one-pot hydrothermal approach. Subsequently, ZnO@Eug was further modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) via electrostatic interactions to yield the ZnO@Eug@CTAB composite filler, which was then incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to fabricate the ZnO@Eug@CTAB/PDMS (ZECP) composite coating. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, eugenol, and CTAB, the ZECP coating achieved 100 % antibacterial efficiency against <em>E. coli</em> after 24 h of co-cultivation with bacterial suspensions. Anti-algal and anti-marine organism experiments demonstrated that the ZECP coating effectively suppressed Chlorella colonization and prevented the attachment of conchs. Moreover, the ZECP coating displayed controlled Zn<sup>2+</sup> release behavior while maintaining a high water contact angle of 121° and low surface free energy of 20.2 mN·m<sup>−1</sup>, thereby contributing to its long-term antifouling performance. Based on the dual functions of active antibacterial and anti-marine organism adhesion, the ZECP coating can be applied in the field of environmentally friendly marine antifouling coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109872"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in Organic Coatings","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300944025008215","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/12/10 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Marine biofouling severely impedes the development of marine engineering, while existing coatings suffer from inadequate environmental compatibility and insufficient long-term efficacy. To address these limitations, this study reported the fabrication of eugenol-functionalized ZnO (ZnO@Eug) via a one-pot hydrothermal approach. Subsequently, ZnO@Eug was further modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) via electrostatic interactions to yield the ZnO@Eug@CTAB composite filler, which was then incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix to fabricate the ZnO@Eug@CTAB/PDMS (ZECP) composite coating. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of Zn²⁺, eugenol, and CTAB, the ZECP coating achieved 100 % antibacterial efficiency against E. coli after 24 h of co-cultivation with bacterial suspensions. Anti-algal and anti-marine organism experiments demonstrated that the ZECP coating effectively suppressed Chlorella colonization and prevented the attachment of conchs. Moreover, the ZECP coating displayed controlled Zn²⁺ release behavior while maintaining a high water contact angle of 121° and low surface free energy of 20.2 mN·m⁻¹, thereby contributing to its long-term antifouling performance. Based on the dual functions of active antibacterial and anti-marine organism adhesion, the ZECP coating can be applied in the field of environmentally friendly marine antifouling coatings.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

海洋防污用锌基丁香酚改性复合涂料的协同抗菌和抗粘着作用

海洋生物污染严重阻碍了海洋工程的发展，而现有的涂料存在环境相容性不足和长期有效性不足的问题。为了解决这些限制，本研究报告了通过一锅水热法制备丁香酚功能化ZnO （ZnO@Eug）。随后，将ZnO@Eug用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）通过静电相互作用进一步修饰，得到ZnO@Eug@CTAB复合填料，然后将其掺入聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）基体中，制备ZnO@Eug@CTAB/PDMS （ZECP）复合涂层。利用Zn2+、丁香酚和CTAB的协同作用，ZECP包被与菌悬液共培养24 h后，对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到100%。抗藻和抗海洋生物实验表明，ZECP涂层能有效抑制小球藻定植，阻止海螺的附着。此外，ZECP涂层具有可控的Zn2+释放行为，同时保持了121°的高水接触角和20.2 mN·m−1的低表面自由能，从而有助于其长期防污性能。基于活性抗菌和防海洋生物粘附的双重功能，ZECP涂层可应用于环保型海洋防污涂料领域。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Progress in Organic Coatings 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

15.20%

发文量

577

审稿时长

48 days

期刊介绍： The aim of this international journal is to analyse and publicise the progress and current state of knowledge in the field of organic coatings and related materials. The Editors and the Editorial Board members will solicit both review and research papers from academic and industrial scientists who are actively engaged in research and development or, in the case of review papers, have extensive experience in the subject to be reviewed. Unsolicited manuscripts will be accepted if they meet the journal''s requirements. The journal publishes papers dealing with such subjects as: • Chemical, physical and technological properties of organic coatings and related materials • Problems and methods of preparation, manufacture and application of these materials • Performance, testing and analysis.