Stroke as the initial presentation of Takayasu’s arteritis in a 10-year-old girl: A case report

Abstract

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic, idiopathic, granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its major branches, representing a significant cause of vascular morbidity in children and young adults. Stroke is an uncommon but recognized complication of TA and may occasionally be the presenting feature. Crossed aphasia in a dextral (right-handed) patient, aphasia resulting from a right-hemisphere lesion, is particularly rare. We report the case of a 10-year-old right-handed girl who presented with sudden-onset expressive language disturbance and left-sided weakness. Physical examination revealed a discrepancy in upper-limb pulse and blood pressure, bilateral carotid bruits, and left-sided hemiparesis. Brain CT demonstrated a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarct, while vascular imaging showed marked bilateral common carotid artery wall thickening with severe luminal narrowing and an intraluminal thrombus on the right. Inflammatory markers were elevated. The patient met the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for Takayasu arteritis and was categorized as Numano type I. She received antithrombotic therapy and high-dose oral corticosteroids. At two-month follow-up, there was partial recovery of language but persistent left-sided weakness.