{"title":"The impact of rainfall shocks in childhood and adolescence on human capital development","authors":"Sundar Ponnusamy","doi":"10.1111/ajae.12547","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the impacts of environmental conditions is critical for shaping policies aimed at improving human capital outcomes in developing contexts. This study utilizes individual-level data on children from Pakistan to investigate the impact of rainfall shocks, from the in-utero stage to age 16, on human capital development. The results reveal that positive rainfall shocks reduce cognitive performance in older children (ages 11–16), as their school attendance declines and their participation in labor increases. In contrast, younger children (ages 5–10) are mostly unaffected. Positive rainfall shocks during school transition and early teenage years (ages 11–16) reduce the overall educational attainment among young adults (ages 16–30) and increase the likelihood of marriage between ages 18 and 24. Conversely, children born during years of positive rainfall shocks exhibit improved physical and cognitive development, and are less likely to engage in child marriage or child labor. These long-term effects are especially pronounced among girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":55537,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics","volume":"108 1","pages":"383-405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajae.12547","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of environmental conditions is critical for shaping policies aimed at improving human capital outcomes in developing contexts. This study utilizes individual-level data on children from Pakistan to investigate the impact of rainfall shocks, from the in-utero stage to age 16, on human capital development. The results reveal that positive rainfall shocks reduce cognitive performance in older children (ages 11–16), as their school attendance declines and their participation in labor increases. In contrast, younger children (ages 5–10) are mostly unaffected. Positive rainfall shocks during school transition and early teenage years (ages 11–16) reduce the overall educational attainment among young adults (ages 16–30) and increase the likelihood of marriage between ages 18 and 24. Conversely, children born during years of positive rainfall shocks exhibit improved physical and cognitive development, and are less likely to engage in child marriage or child labor. These long-term effects are especially pronounced among girls.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Agricultural Economics provides a forum for creative and scholarly work on the economics of agriculture and food, natural resources and the environment, and rural and community development throughout the world. Papers should relate to one of these areas, should have a problem orientation, and should demonstrate originality and innovation in analysis, methods, or application. Analyses of problems pertinent to research, extension, and teaching are equally encouraged, as is interdisciplinary research with a significant economic component. Review articles that offer a comprehensive and insightful survey of a relevant subject, consistent with the scope of the Journal as discussed above, will also be considered. All articles published, regardless of their nature, will be held to the same set of scholarly standards.
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