20 - Analysis of temporomandibular joint spaces in centric occlusion using cone beam computed tomography

Abstract

Background: Centric relation is described as a stable and balanced position of the mandible, while centric occlusion is based on maximum contact between the teeth. These concepts are key to an accurate diagnosis in orthodontics. It has been suggested that condylar displacement can affect the diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions.

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) spaces in centric occlusion were analyzed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate their relationship with morphological and physiological variables in orthodontic patients.

Methods: The study included 43 previously untreated patients (86 condyles) from the Autonomous University of Baja California. Joint spaces were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes using CBCT and compared with the average values established by Ikeda. Skeletal variables were determined by cephalometry, classifying patients into classes I, II, and III.

Results: The results showed that female patients and skeletal class II were more common. No significant differences were found within the joint spaces between skeletal classes or sex. However, condylar asymmetries were observed, with greater stability in the right condyle. The values obtained in this study differed from Ikeda's averages.

Conclusions: It was concluded that there was no direct relationship between the morphological and physiological variables and joint spaces. This analysis highlights the importance of assessing condylar dimensions to improve diagnostic accuracy and orthodontic treatment. The observed asymmetries could be related to unilateral masticatory patterns or the cranial base.|