Synthesis, characterization, and performance of a novel static dissipative additive for refined oils via quaternary ammonium segment modification

Abstract

Refined oils, such as gasoline, diesel, and aviation kerosene, are primarily composed of hydrocarbon compounds. As poor electrical conductors, these oils accumulate static charges through friction during storage, transportation, and handling. When charge accumulation exceeds a critical threshold, electrostatic discharge phenomenon will occur, posing significant fire and explosion risks. The incorporation of static dissipative additives into oil products is an effective method for preventing and mitigating electrostatic hazards. In this study, polymer segment modification technology was employed to introduce hydrophobic higher alkyl acrylate segments into the unsaturated CC of the quaternary ammonium salt monomer methylacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride. This approach led to the initial synthesis of a novel hydrophobic polyquaternary ammonium compound that retained the antistatic properties inherent to quaternary ammonium groups while achieving compatibility with oil matrices. The structure and morphology of the polymeric product were characterized using instrumental analysis techniques, confirming its successful synthesis. Further evaluation demonstrated the efficacy of the product in enhancing the conductivity of refined oils. The oil conductivity increased to 1005 pS/m at an addition level of 2 ppm. The synthesized polymer shows promise as a novel static dissipative additive for refined oils and offers new guidance for advancing polymer segment modification technology.