Efficacy of an endotracheal tube disinfection protocol and the impact of its steps on tubes collected from dogs anaesthetized for routine clinical procedures

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI:10.1016/j.vaa.2025.11.001

Francesco Ascione , Ioanna L. Radu , Stefano Di Nola , Tommaso Furlanello , Erika Carli , Laura Ventura , Elisa Bortolami

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To determine the efficacy of an endotracheal tube (ETT) disinfection method and the impact of its different steps.

Study design

A prospective randomized study.

Methods

The tracheas of 100 dogs undergoing routine clinical procedures were intubated with a sterile polyvinyl chloride ETT. At extubation, each ETT, presenting without gross contamination after extubation, was cultured for bacterial and fungal growth, and randomly and equally assigned to the ‘enzymatic solution, peracetic acid, water and drying’ (ESPAWD) protocol or one of its constituent steps: enzymatic solution soaking (ES protocol), peracetic acid soaking for 30 minutes (PA protocol), tap water rinsing for 1 minute (W protocol) or drying in ambient air for 24 hours (D protocol). Another swab was performed at the end of the assigned protocol. Post-treatment fungal and bacterial growth was evaluated using aerobic and anaerobic culture media and subsequently analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using R (version 4.3.2). Quantitative variables were compared with non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis with Holm’s correction), whereas categorical data were analysed with Chi-square and McNemar’s tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The ESPAWD protocol was effective at disinfecting all ETTs (failure relative frequency 0%). Among the different steps, PA showed the lowest failure frequency (20%), followed by D (35%), W (90%) and ES (100%) protocol. Comparison between ESPAWD and PA protocols did not reveal any significant difference in terms of both post-treatment number of microbial species (p = 0.09) and reduction of microbial load (p = 0.09).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In the ESPAWD protocol, all ETTs were successfully disinfected, and the protocol may represent a promising option for disinfecting previously used ETTs presenting without gross contamination.

查看原文本刊更多论文

一种气管内管消毒方案的有效性及其步骤对临床常规麻醉犬收集的气管管的影响。

目的：探讨气管插管（ETT）消毒方法的效果及不同步骤对消毒效果的影响。研究设计：前瞻性随机研究。方法：采用无菌聚氯乙烯气管插管对100只临床常规手术犬气管插管。拔管时，每个ETT在拔管后无明显污染，培养细菌和真菌生长，并随机均匀地分配到“酶溶液，过氧乙酸，水和干燥”（espwd）方案或其组成步骤之一：酶溶液浸泡（ES方案），过氧乙酸浸泡30分钟（PA方案），自来水冲洗1分钟（W方案）或在环境空气中干燥24小时（D方案）。在指定方案结束时进行另一次拭子拭子。使用好氧和厌氧培养基评估处理后真菌和细菌的生长情况，并随后进行分析。使用R（4.3.2版本）进行统计分析。定量变量采用非参数检验（Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U， Kruskal-Wallis与Holm的校正）进行比较，而分类数据采用卡方检验和McNemar检验进行分析。p < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：ESPAWD方案对所有肺脏均有效（相对失败率为0%）。在不同的步骤中，PA方案的故障频率最低（20%），其次是D方案（35%），W方案（90%）和ES方案（100%）。ESPAWD和PA方案之间的比较在处理后微生物种类数量（p = 0.09）和微生物负荷减少（p = 0.09）方面没有显着差异。结论和临床意义：在ESPAWD方案中，所有的神经鞘都被成功消毒，该方案可能是一个有希望的选择，用于消毒以前使用过的没有严重污染的神经鞘。

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来源期刊

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

17.60%

发文量

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome: the basic sciences; pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management equipment intensive care chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals welfare issues associated with pain and distress education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia. Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.