Cancer in a drop: Liquid biopsy highlights from the World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) 2025

The Journal of Liquid Biopsy Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI:10.1016/j.jlb.2025.100449

Nadia Ghazali , Ana Ortega-Franco , Diego de Miguel-Perez , Erick F. Saldanha , Konstantinos Venetis , Pasquale Pisapia , Surbhi Singhal , Benjamin A. Bleiberg , Carolina Reduzzi , Roberto Borea

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Abstract

The role of liquid biopsy in oncological care continues to expand, with multiple studies presented at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 2025 World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC 2025). This review summarizes recent advances in liquid biopsy for thoracic oncology, encompassing both non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

In early detection and screening, proteomic profiling has identified potential biomarkers predictive of future lung cancer risk. The integration of proteomics with clinical and imaging data can improve pulmonary nodule malignancy prediction. In resectable NSCLC, tumour-informed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) assay demonstrated high sensitivity for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection, with MRD clearance following neoadjuvant osimertinib or chemo-immunotherapy associated with favorable outcomes.

In advanced NSCLC, longitudinal liquid biopsy analyses reveal dynamic subclonal evolution driving early treatment resistance. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) clearance following targeted therapy in MET exon 14 skipping and BRAF-mutated tumors was associated with improved clinical outcomes. Emerging biomarkers such as ctDNA tumour fraction and circulating microRNA signatures are promising for radiotherapy stratification and prediction of immunotherapy-related toxicities.

In SCLC, MRD monitoring enables earlier detection of disease progression and supports ctDNA-guided selection of patients for consolidation immunotherapy following chemotherapy. Overall, these advances demonstrate the expanding role of liquid biopsy in improving early detection, guiding treatment, and improving disease monitoring in lung cancer.

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一滴癌症：2025年世界肺癌大会（WCLC）的液体活检亮点

液体活检在肿瘤治疗中的作用不断扩大，在国际肺癌研究协会（IASLC） 2025年世界肺癌大会（WCLC 2025）上发表了多项研究。本文综述了胸腔肿瘤液体活检的最新进展，包括非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）和小细胞肺癌（SCLC）。在早期检测和筛查中，蛋白质组学分析已经确定了预测未来肺癌风险的潜在生物标志物。蛋白质组学与临床和影像学资料的结合可以提高肺结节恶性肿瘤的预测。在可切除的非小细胞肺癌中，肿瘤信息全基因组测序（WGS）检测显示出对微小残留病（MRD）检测的高敏感性，新辅助奥西替尼或化学免疫治疗后MRD清除与有利的结果相关。在晚期NSCLC中，纵向液体活检分析显示动态亚克隆进化驱动早期治疗耐药性。MET外显子14跳脱和braf突变肿瘤靶向治疗后循环肿瘤DNA （ctDNA）清除率与临床预后改善相关。新兴的生物标志物，如ctDNA肿瘤分数和循环microRNA特征，有望用于放疗分层和预测免疫治疗相关的毒性。在SCLC中，MRD监测能够更早地发现疾病进展，并支持ctdna引导的化疗后巩固免疫治疗患者的选择。总的来说，这些进展表明液体活检在改善肺癌的早期发现、指导治疗和改善疾病监测方面的作用越来越大。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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The Journal of Liquid Biopsy

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