A sustainable power management solution integrated with fuel cell based hybrid energy storage system in variable climate conditions

Abstract

The current age has seen a growing reliance on HSES including fuel cells, solar, and wind with the goal of lowering global warming, the greenhouse effect, and reliance on fossil fuels. An efficient management technique that incorporates a hybrid energy storage alternative is presented here to develop a self-sufficient and sustainable energy system. The suggested system incorporates all four-energy storage and generating techniques: batteries, fuel cells, photovoltaic, and super-capacitors. This study suggests an EMS with an ANFIS controller, a Zeta converter, and a ZOA-based MPPT for fuel cell regulation in a micro grid that consists of photovoltaic, fuel cells, batteries, and super-capacitors. Effective power sharing, enhanced DC-bus voltage stability, and quick dynamic response under varying load and ambient conditions are all guaranteed by the suggested architecture. In comparison to FSSO, MPA and GWO algorithms, simulation findings show that ZOA-based MPPT achieves 30–45 % faster convergence and 8–10 % higher energy extraction, with steady-state oscillations below 1.8 %. In addition to ensuring seamless coordination with the battery and super-capacitor, the ANFIS controller keeps the fuel-cell voltage at 300 ± 2 V. Compared to traditional boost converter topologies, the integrated control system stabilizes the DC-bus voltage within ±2 % and minimizes ripple content by about 30 %. A damping ratio of 0.83 and a settling time of less than 0.25 seconds are confirmed by stability analysis, demonstrating robustness and strong dynamic stability against changes in the parameters. These results demonstrate the system’s capacity to operate dependably and efficiently in both independent and grid-connected hybrid energy applications.