Effect of delivery mode on bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104232

Karina Felix Santos , Renan Vinícius Granzotto Pinheiro , Raul Santos da Silva , Carlos Eduardo Francci , Lucas Hian da Silva , Paulo Francisco Cesar

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Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of different delivery modes of a self-adhesive resin cement on bond strength to dentin and first-generation zirconia (3Y-TZP). Six experimental groups were established according to the delivery mode used for manipulating the resin cement: a) HT, self-mixing with a helical tip; b) TT-MC, self-mixing with a T-mixer tip; c) TT-MIO, self-mixing with a T-mixer tip associated with a plastic intraoral tip; d) TT-FN, self-mixing with a T-mixer tip associated with a metal intraoral tip; e) PH-MIO, self-mixing with a helical tip associated with a plastic intraoral tip; and f) Manual (control), hand mixing on a mixing block with a metal spatula. 3Y-TZP blocks (6 × 6 × 3 mm; n = 120) and dentin blocks (4-mm thickness; n = 120) were prepared, and four tubes (0.76 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height) filled with resin cement manipulated according to each delivery mode were bonded to each substrate. Microshear bond strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min after 24 h and 1 month of water storage. Failure modes were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Bond strength data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA to assess the effects of delivery mode and storage time. Failure mode distribution was evaluated using the chi-square test. For dentin, delivery mode did not influence bond strength after 24 h. After 1 month of storage, the HT group (4.2 ± 2.6 MPa) showed significantly higher bond strength than the Manual group (0.6 ± 0.5 MPa). Except for HT and Manual, storage time did not affect bond strength values for the other delivery modes. For the ceramic substrate (3Y-TZP), after 24 h the TT-FN group (7.5 ± 1.8 MPa) showed significantly higher bond strength than the group without an accessory tip, TT-MC (4.4 ± 1.7 MPa). After 1 month, storage time significantly affected bond strength for the HT (3.8 ± 1.5 MPa) and TT-FN (4.5 ± 2.6 MPa) groups. Both delivery mode and storage time influenced the bonding performance of the self-adhesive resin cement in a substrate-dependent manner. In general, automated mixing improved long-term bond strength, particularly to dentin, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate delivery system for durable adhesion.

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输送方式对自粘树脂水泥粘结强度的影响

本研究评估了不同递送方式的自粘树脂水泥对牙本质和第一代氧化锆（3Y-TZP）结合强度的影响。根据操纵树脂水泥的输送方式，建立了6个实验组：a) HT，螺旋尖端自混合；b) TT-MC，带有t型混合器尖端的自混合；c) TT-MIO，使用与塑料口内尖端相连接的t型混合器尖端进行自混合；d) TT-FN自混合，t型混合器尖端与金属口内尖端相连接；e) PH-MIO，自混合，螺旋尖端与塑料口内尖端相连接；f)手动（控制），用金属抹刀在搅拌块上手动搅拌。制备3Y-TZP块（6 × 6 × 3 mm, n = 120）和牙本质块（4 mm厚度，n = 120），并将4根直径0.76 mm，高度1mm的树脂水泥填充管根据不同的输送方式粘合到每个基材上。在蓄水24 h和1个月后，以0.5 mm/min的十字头速度测试微剪切粘结强度。在体视显微镜下评估失效模式。采用双向方差分析方法对粘结强度数据进行分析，以评估递送方式和储存时间的影响。失效模式分布采用卡方检验评估。对于牙本质，递送方式对24h后的结合强度没有影响。保存1个月后，HT组（4.2±2.6 MPa）的结合强度明显高于Manual组（0.6±0.5 MPa）。除了HT和Manual外，储存时间对其他交付方式的粘结强度值没有影响。对于陶瓷基板（3Y-TZP）， 24 h后，TT-FN组（7.5±1.8 MPa）的结合强度明显高于没有附加尖端的TT-MC组（4.4±1.7 MPa）。1个月后，HT组（3.8±1.5 MPa）和TT-FN组（4.5±2.6 MPa）的粘接强度受储存时间影响显著。输送方式和贮存时间对自粘树脂水泥的粘接性能影响与基材有关。一般来说，自动混合提高了长期粘合强度，特别是对牙本质，突出了选择合适的输送系统持久粘合的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

8.80%

发文量

200

审稿时长

8.3 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives draws together the many aspects of the science and technology of adhesive materials, from fundamental research and development work to industrial applications. Subject areas covered include: interfacial interactions, surface chemistry, methods of testing, accumulation of test data on physical and mechanical properties, environmental effects, new adhesive materials, sealants, design of bonded joints, and manufacturing technology.