Conceptualizing circularity in urban food systems: A scoping review

Abstract

Circularity in urban food systems is increasingly recognized as a promising approach to improve sustainability by reducing waste and closing resource loops. Using a structured search and selection process, 89 peer-reviewed articles were identified and analyzed to determine current research trends, geographic focus, disciplinary backgrounds, methodological approaches, as well as potential benefits and risks. The review revealed that research on circular urban food systems (CUFS) is dominated by environmental and technical studies, particularly in the Global North, with a strong focus on urban agricultural production and waste re-use/valorization. However, the midstream portions of the food value chain (processing, distribution, retail, and consumption) are significantly underexplored, representing a critical gap. Geographically, there is an imbalance in the research, with the majority of studies concentrating on European cities, while fewer studies focus on the Global South. The social and economic dimensions of CUFS, including food security, market development, and livelihood improvements, remain underrepresented, highlighting the need for more interdisciplinary research and frameworks that integrate these aspects. Furthermore, potential risks related to health and safety, governance, and logistical challenges in CUFS have been insufficiently examined. The findings suggest that while CUFS holds great potential for contributing to sustainability, there is a need for more comprehensive and context-sensitive research. Expanding the scope of studies to include social and economic outcomes, addressing the midstream value chain, and focusing on underrepresented regions are essential to fully realize the potential benefits of circular urban food systems for sustainable development.