Self-adhesive and conductive hydrogel based on MIL-53 (Fe)-anchored graphene oxide for bioelectronics and wound healing

Abstract

The integration of bioelectronics with biological tissues remains challenging due to mechanical and interfacial mismatches. In addition, existing bioelectronic hydrogels typically exhibit monofunctional characteristics and cannot achieve integrated wound monitoring and healing capabilities. There is an urgent need for multifunctional hydrogels that combine reliable bioelectronic sensing with active tissue repair properties. Here, we report a MIL-53 (Fe) metal-organic framework (MOF)-loaded polydopamine (PDA)-mediated graphene oxide (PGO)-incorporated polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel. The catechol groups of PDA strongly coordinate with the Fe sites of MIL-53 MOF, anchoring the MIL-53 MOF onto the PGO sheets and improving its dispersion. The incorporation of MIL-53@PGO significantly enhances the hydrogel's mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and tissue adhesion. The hydrogel exhibits exceptional bioelectronic performance, enabling high-fidelity electromyographic signal acquisition in vivo and acting as a highly efficient capacitor with a specific capacitance as high as 159.4 ​mF/g. Furthermore, At the same time, due to the good energy storage function of MIL-53 MOF, it can provide electrons for PGO after its addition, enhancing antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory effects, and promoting electrical stimulation-mediated cell regulation. This work presents a promising strategy for developing next-generation bioelectronic hydrogels that achieve integrated sensing and therapeutic functionalities for advanced healthcare applications.