Exploring factors influencing e-scooter use in Mediterranean cities

Abstract

E-scooters, both private and shared, have emerged as popular micromobility options addressing first/last-mile issues, increasing accessibility and in some cases, complementing public transport and reducing car use. However, their rapid uptake presents regulatory and safety challenges, even in Mediterranean cities. This study examines e-scooter user and non-user perceptions in Malta and Palermo (Sicily), focusing on socio-demographic characteristics, travel behaviours, attitudes and perceptions of e-scooter as transport mode. Data were collected through an online survey in Malta and Palermo for adults over the age of 18. Results show that surveyed non-users are predominantly female, older people and individuals having children. Younger people are more likely to be frequent users as well as high-educated people (in Malta) and people living in the city centre (in Palermo). The perception of the quality of the e-scooter sharing and the perception of safety issues were found to significantly impact the frequency of use of shared e-scooters in Malta, while the perception of safety and self-perception of physical abilities were found significant in Palermo. These findings are discussed in relation to the specific characteristics of Mediterranean cities. This research fills gaps in understanding micromobility choices, offering insights and policy recommendations to enhance e-scooter safety and adoption in Mediterranean contexts.