The Role of Mediterranean Diet and Intermittent Fasting in Modulating Inflammation and Clinical Biochemistry Markers in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: A Review.

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This literature review of clinical and preclinical studies aimed to analyse the latest evidence on the Mediterranean diet (MD) and intermittent fasting (IF) to prevent or delay strategies for the onset of cancer in patients with hereditary cancer syndromes, correlating the data about some nutritional, clinical biochemical, and inflammatory biomarkers (e.g. CRP, IL-6, insulin, and IGF-1). Preliminary evidence from the literature suggests that MD and IF can favourably modulate markers of chronic inflammation and metabolism, potentially reducing the risk of cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: Cancer risk increases significantly throughout life in patients with hereditary cancer syndromes such as BRCA1/2. Evidence suggests the role of lifestyle, especially nutrition, in delaying the onset of these diseases. Although existing studies point to promising roles for MD and IF in managing cancer risk, additional research is needed to clarify their long-term effects and define personalised guidelines for individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes. Preliminary data suggest that the MD and IF may help delay cancer onset in hereditary syndromes by modulating inflammation and metabolism. More studies are needed to confirm long-term benefits and guide personalized prevention.