Technical Parameters and Feedback Control for Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Enhancement by Focused Ultrasound

IF 16 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI:10.1109/RBME.2025.3636806

Yuexi Huang;Kullervo Hynynen

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Abstract

Focused ultrasound combined with intravenously infused microbubbles has been shown to effectively enhance the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, facilitating drug delivery to the brain. A wide range of technical parameters has been evaluated through preclinical studies and clinical trials. Generally, a low frequency between 200 and 300 kHz is preferred for the transcranial approach, while 1 MHz is used in implantable devices. Standard parameters include a burst length of 5 to 10 ms, a pulse repetition frequency of 0.2 to 10 Hz, and sonication durations of 90 to 180 seconds. A pressure magnitude around 0.46 mechanical index appears to be near the threshold for BBB permeability enhancement at standard microbubble dosage without causing hemorrhage. Various microbubble and nanobubble types have been tested at different doses, which in principle can be normalized by gas volume. Control methods that use harmonic emmisions for power feedback have been proposed to enhance consistency and account for patient variability, and these methods are currently being tested in several clinical trials.

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聚焦超声增强血脑屏障通透性的技术参数及反馈控制。

聚焦超声结合静脉滴注微泡已被证明可以有效增强血脑屏障的通透性，促进药物向大脑的传递。通过临床前研究和临床试验对广泛的技术参数进行了评估。一般来说，经颅入路首选200至300 kHz的低频，而植入式装置则使用1 MHz。标准参数包括5到10毫秒的突发长度，0.2到10赫兹的脉冲重复频率，90到180秒的超声持续时间。在标准微泡剂量下，机械指数0.46左右的压力值接近血脑屏障通透性增强而不引起出血的阈值。在不同剂量下测试了各种微泡和纳米泡类型，原则上可以通过气体体积归一化。已经提出了使用谐波发射作为功率反馈的控制方法，以增强一致性并考虑到患者的可变性，这些方法目前正在几个临床试验中进行测试。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering Engineering-Biomedical Engineering

CiteScore

31.70

自引率

0.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (RBME) serves as a platform to review the state-of-the-art and trends in the interdisciplinary field of biomedical engineering, which encompasses engineering, life sciences, and medicine. The journal aims to consolidate research and reviews for members of all IEEE societies interested in biomedical engineering. Recognizing the demand for comprehensive reviews among authors of various IEEE journals, RBME addresses this need by receiving, reviewing, and publishing scholarly works under one umbrella. It covers a broad spectrum, from historical to modern developments in biomedical engineering and the integration of technologies from various IEEE societies into the life sciences and medicine.