SMR/Theta Neurofeedback Training on Attention and Reading Abilities in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Predominantly Inattentive

Abstract

Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)/Theta neurofeedback is an intervention protocol to enhance attention performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I). However, the effects of this attention modulation intervention on reading fluency in these children are not well documented. This study examined the efficacy of SMR/Theta neurofeedback in auditory and visual attention and reading fluency in children with ADHD-I. A cohort of 34 children aged 9–10 years underwent three-month neurofeedback training sessions. Attention was assessed with the Integrative Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA +), and reading ability was assessed by applying the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE) and oral/silent reading measures. Repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze pre- and post-intervention performance. The results revealed significant improvements in components of visual attention, including visual focus and sustained visual vigilance (p < 0.005). Auditory attention also increases in auditory vigilance and sustained auditory attention significantly (p < 0.05). Reading fluency tasks yielded significant increases in sight word efficiency and oral/silent reading (p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that SMR/Theta neurofeedback significantly enhances auditory and visual attention components, as well as reading fluency, in children with ADHD-I. The last effect of this intervention should be explored in future research, as well as its impact on higher-order reading comprehension processes.