Exploring the Emerging Electrospun Techniques for Cutting-Edge Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals

Abstract

Electrospinning is a technique that utilizes high voltage to produce polymer nanofibers with adjustable morphology, extensive surface area, and interconnected porosity, rendering them highly suitable for biomedical applications. A prominent application of these fibers is in localized drug delivery, where they enable prolonged and targeted release. This review discusses various ELS techniques, each offering distinct advantages for incorporating small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, either during the fiber formation process or through subsequent processing. Critical formulation factors such as polymer type, solvent, molecular weight, flow rate, and environmental conditions significantly influence fiber properties and drug release patterns. The review also highlights material selections and therapeutic applications in areas such as ocular, oral, dermal, and probiotic delivery, as well as in wound healing and tissue engineering.