Portable Low-Cost Photobiomodulation Device Enhances Migration and Adhesion in L929 Fibroblasts: In Vitro Healing Evidence

Abstract

Photobiomodulation shows promise in modulating complex mechanisms of chronic wound healing. Current photobiomodulation devices remain costly and technically demanding. Therefore, this study reports the development of a simple, portable and operationally and easy-to-use LED-based photobiomodulation device for the treatment of skin lesions. The design and operating parameters confirmed the device's safety and energy efficiency. In vitro LED irradiation on fibroblasts increased cell viability, without inducing proliferation. The treatment prevented cellular shrinkage, as evidenced by a higher number of smaller cells in the control group. Irradiation also enhanced cell migration at 72 and 96 h after treatment. Significantly increased adhesion to fibronectin was observed in the irradiated group, with no effect on type I collagen adhesion. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed in the proportion of cells in the sub-G0/G1, G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. In conclusion, the LED device provides a reliable source of electromagnetic stimulation with healing effects.