Functional Monomer Type Determines the Interfacial Properties of Experimental Self-Adhesive Composites Bonded to Dentin.

IF 2.7

The journal of adhesive dentistry Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI:10.3290/j.jad.c_2378

Rita Andrade, Carolina Chaves, Diana C Silva, Ana Paula Serro, Ana Mano Azul, Hugo Águas, António H S Delgado

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Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of functional monomer type and powder-to-liquid ratio on the interfacial properties and degree of conversion of experimental self-adhesive flowable resin composites (SAFRCs) bonded to dentin.

Materials and methods: Nine experimental SAFRC formulations were developed by varying the powder-to-liquid ratio (1.9, 2.2, 2.5) and the functional monomers included (10-MDP, GPDM, HEMA). Human molars (n = 27) were restored using each formulation and analyzed using a rheometer to assess viscosity, Raman micro-spectroscopy for inter-diffusion zone (IDZ) width, and degree of conversion at the interface (DC%). Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests were performed for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).

Results: Rheological testing revealed, as expected, non-Newtonian flow behavior in all composites, with significant effects of both powder-to-liquid ratio (P 0.001) and monomer type (P 0.001) on viscosity. 10-MDP composites exhibited optimal viscosity (1.12-2.86 mPa·s) across all ratios, significantly lower than GPDM and HEMA. Raman mapping showed a distinct IDZ with hybrid characteristics for 10-MDP formulations, contrasting with abrupt transitions or gaps in GPDM and HEMA groups. IDZ width was significantly greater in 10-MDP formulations (P 0.0001). The DC% at the interface was highest for 10-MDP and HEMA formulations, exceeding 68%, while GPDM composites showed lower values (P 0.001).

Conclusion: Functional monomer type critically affects the interfacial bonding performance and conversion rate of SAFRCs, with 10-MDP outperforming GPDM and HEMA in interdiffusion and adhesive quality. Variations in powder-to-liquid ratio influenced viscosity but had a limited impact on interfacial performance. Optimized formulations with 10-MDP may enhance the clinical efficacy of SAFRCs.

Clinical relevance statement: Refining acidic-monomer chemistry and viscosity in SAFRCs could improve their bonding predictability.

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功能单体类型决定了与牙本质结合的实验性自粘复合材料的界面性能。

目的：探讨功能单体类型和粉液比对自粘可流动树脂复合材料（safrc）与牙本质结合界面性能和转化程度的影响。材料与方法：通过改变粉液比（1.9、2.2、2.5）和功能单体（10-MDP、GPDM、HEMA），制备了9种SAFRC实验配方。使用每种配方修复人类磨牙（n = 27），并使用流变仪评估粘度，拉曼显微光谱评估扩散区（IDZ）宽度和界面转换程度（DC%）。采用双因素方差分析和事后检验进行统计学分析（α = 0.05）。结果：流变学测试显示，正如预期的那样，所有复合材料的非牛顿流动行为，粉液比（P 0.001）和单体类型（P 0.001）对粘度都有显著影响。在所有配比下，10-MDP复合材料的黏度均为1.12 ~ 2.86 mPa·s，显著低于GPDM和HEMA。Raman图谱显示10-MDP制剂的IDZ具有明显的杂交特征，与GPDM和HEMA组的突变或间隙形成对比。10-MDP制剂的IDZ宽度显著增大（p0.0001）。10-MDP和HEMA配方的界面DC%最高，超过68%，而GPDM复合材料的界面DC%较低（P < 0.001）。结论：功能单体类型对safrc的界面键合性能和转化率有重要影响，10-MDP在相互扩散和粘接质量上优于GPDM和HEMA。粉液比的变化会影响黏度，但对界面性能的影响有限。10-MDP优化后的配方可提高safrc的临床疗效。临床相关性声明：改进safrc的酸单体化学和粘度可以提高其键合的可预测性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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The journal of adhesive dentistry

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