Impact of frailty on foot care behaviors and self-efficacy in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Primary Care Diabetes Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI:10.1016/j.pcd.2025.11.009

Döndü Bilici , Meryem Kılıç

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Frailty is increasingly recognized as a condition that negatively affects self-management in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Limited evidence exists regarding its impact on diabetic foot self-care and self-efficacy, particularly in middle-aged populations.

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the effect of frailty on foot care behaviors and self-efficacy among middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 75 middle-aged (40–64 years) and 75 older (≥65 years) adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected using the FRAIL Scale, the Foot Care Behavior Scale, and the Diabetic Foot Care Self-Efficacy Scale. Group comparisons were performed using independent t-tests, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictive role of frailty.

Results

Frailty prevalence was 22.7 % in middle-aged adults and 42.7 % in older adults. Regression analyses showed that frailty was a strong predictor of both self-efficacy and foot care behaviors. Each one-point increase in frailty score was associated with a ∼12-point decrease in self-efficacy (β=-0.876; p < 0.001) and an ∼8-point decrease in foot care behaviors (β=-0.905; p < 0.001). The explanatory power of frailty was greater in middle-aged adults compared to older adults.

Conclusion

Frailty significantly impairs foot care behaviors and self-efficacy in adults with type 2 diabetes. Routine frailty screening, even from middle age, may support the early identification of individuals at risk for diabetic foot complications and inform preventive wound care strategies.

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虚弱对中老年2型糖尿病患者足部护理行为和自我效能的影响

背景：虚弱越来越被认为是对2型糖尿病患者自我管理产生负面影响的一种状况。关于它对糖尿病足自我保健和自我效能的影响，特别是在中年人群中，证据有限。目的：本研究旨在探讨虚弱对中老年2型糖尿病患者足部护理行为和自我效能感的影响。方法：对75名诊断为2型糖尿病的中年人（40-64岁）和75名老年人（≥65岁）进行描述性横断面研究。采用体弱量表、足部护理行为量表和糖尿病足部护理自我效能量表收集数据。采用独立t检验进行组间比较，并采用回归分析评估虚弱的预测作用。结果：中老年人和老年人的衰弱患病率分别为22.7% %和42.7% %。回归分析显示，虚弱是自我效能感和足部护理行为的强预测因子。虚弱评分每增加1分，自我效能感就会降低~ 12分（β=-0.876; p ）。结论：虚弱显著影响2型糖尿病成人足部护理行为和自我效能感。常规虚弱筛查，甚至从中年开始，可以支持早期识别有糖尿病足并发症风险的个体，并告知预防性伤口护理策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Primary Care Diabetes ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

3.40%

发文量

134

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： The journal publishes original research articles and high quality reviews in the fields of clinical care, diabetes education, nutrition, health services, psychosocial research and epidemiology and other areas as far as is relevant for diabetology in a primary-care setting. The purpose of the journal is to encourage interdisciplinary research and discussion between all those who are involved in primary diabetes care on an international level. The Journal also publishes news and articles concerning the policies and activities of Primary Care Diabetes Europe and reflects the society''s aim of improving the care for people with diabetes mellitus within the primary-care setting.