A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Association of Bisphenol-A in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus as Compared to Pregnant Women with Normal Glucose Tolerance.

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent pregnancy complication. Increasing evidence suggests that environmental factors, such as exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA), may contribute to the development of GDM. This study aims to evaluate the association between BPA exposure and GDM in an Indian population.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of the Department of Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry at a tertiary care and teaching hospital in North India. The study included 161 pregnant women divided into two groups: those with GDM and those with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants' urinary BPA levels were measured, and statistical analyses were performed to determine correlations between urinary BPA levels and GDM.

Results: The mean urinary BPA level was significantly higher in the GDM group (41.17 μg/L) compared to the non-GDM group (14.19 μg/L), with a P value <0.01. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive association between BPA levels and OGTT results in the GDM group. The linear correlation graph formula y = 1.7443x + 168.84 can predict urinary BPA level based on OGTT glucose level.

Conclusion: The study underscores the significant association between elevated urine BPA level and GDM, suggesting that BPA exposure may be a risk factor for this condition. Compared to previous studies, our research highlights the specific impact of BPA on GDM in the Indian context. The results advocate for reducing BPA exposure to mitigate the risk of GDM and related metabolic disorders.