Comparison of Pregnancy Outcomes between Treated Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (EGDM) and Late Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (LGDM).

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Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI:10.4103/ijem.ijem_133_25

Manjeera Nekkanti, Mahadevan Duraiswamy, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan, Viswanathan Mohan, Yavana S Venkatesh, Haritha Sagili

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Abstract

Introduction: Early gestational diabetes mellitus (EGDM) is a relatively new entity, and there is a lack of clarity regarding treatment. This study was carried out to compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes between treated EGDM and late GDM.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Pregnant women more than 18 years of age with a singleton foetus and diagnosed with GDM on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 criteria were included in the study. The study participants were divided into two groups of 306 each, based on their gestational age at the time of GDM diagnosis. EGDM was diagnosed before 24 weeks of gestation, and late gestational diabetes mellitus (LGDM) was diagnosed at or after 24 weeks of gestation. They were followed until delivery, and the pregnancy outcomes, maternal, and perinatal were documented using a predesigned proforma.

Results: Among the 612 participants, a significantly higher proportion of elderly gravida (>35 years) was observed in the EGDM group compared to LGDM (9.5% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.01). The need for insulin (13.1% vs. 6.9%; adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-3.14; P = 0.011) was significantly higher in women with EGDM relative to LGDM, after adjusting for confounders. There were no other significant differences in outcomes between women with EGDM and LGDM.

Conclusions: Women with treated EGDM are older and have a significantly higher insulin requirement than LGDM.

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妊娠早期糖尿病（EGDM）与妊娠晚期糖尿病（LGDM）治疗的妊娠结局比较

简介：妊娠早期糖尿病（EGDM）是一个相对较新的疾病，其治疗方法尚不明确。本研究旨在比较经治疗的EGDM和晚期GDM的产妇和新生儿结局。方法：本前瞻性队列研究在印度南部的一家三级护理教学医院进行。采用世界卫生组织（WHO） 2013年标准，经75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）诊断为GDM的18岁以上单胎孕妇被纳入研究。研究参与者根据GDM诊断时的胎龄分为两组，每组306人。妊娠24周前诊断为EGDM，妊娠24周后诊断为LGDM。随访至分娩，并使用预先设计的形式记录妊娠结局、产妇和围产期。结果：在612名参与者中，EGDM组的高龄孕妇（bb0 ~ 35岁）比例明显高于LGDM组（9.5% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.01）。经混杂因素校正后，EGDM患者对胰岛素的需求（13.1% vs. 6.9%；校正相对危险度[aRR]: 1.91, 95%可信区间[CI]: 1.15-3.14; P = 0.011）显著高于LGDM患者。EGDM和LGDM患者的预后没有其他显著差异。结论：接受治疗的EGDM患者年龄较大，胰岛素需求明显高于LGDM患者。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (IJEM) aims to function as the global face of Indian endocrinology research. It aims to act as a bridge between global and national advances in this field. The journal publishes thought-provoking editorials, comprehensive reviews, cutting-edge original research, focused brief communications and insightful letters to editor. The journal encourages authors to submit articles addressing aspects of science related to Endocrinology and Metabolism in particular Diabetology. Articles related to Clinical and Tropical endocrinology are especially encouraged. Sub-topic based Supplements are published regularly. This allows the journal to highlight issues relevant to Endocrine practitioners working in India as well as other countries. IJEM is free access in the true sense of the word, (it charges neither authors nor readers) and this enhances its global appeal.