Therapeutic potential of Ruta graveolens extract: Protecting against liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in cholestatic conditions in male Wistar rats

Abstract

Background and study aims

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Ruta graveolens, a dicot herb known for its antioxidant properties, in protecting against oxidative stress and liver fibrosis caused by bile duct ligation (BDL). The research focused on assessing the biochemical and histological effects of Ruta graveolens extract on male Wistar rats subjected to BDL.

Material and methods

Forty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 5): a control group, control experimental groups receiving three doses of Ruta graveolens extract (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) without BDL, a BDL group, and BDL groups treated with the extract at the similar doses for 45 days. Liver function indicators, antioxidant enzymes, and fibrosis were analyzed using biochemical assays, histopathological staining, and quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate TGF-β and α-SMA gene expression. HPLC analysis was also conducted to identify the bioactive compounds in the extract.

Results

The HPLC results uncovered substantial compounds, including rutin, syringic acid, verbascoside, methoxsalen, cinnamoyl, coumaroyl, and chalepensin. Treatment with Ruta graveolens extract notably reversed the detrimental effects of BDL, significantly improving lipid profiles by lowering cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL. Further, liver enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were reduced. Histological evaluation exhibited decreased liver impairment and inflammation at higher extract doses, besides downregulation of TGF-β and α-SMA expression.

Conclusion

The current findings suggest that Ruta graveolens extract improves liver function in cholestatic conditions in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its potential as a protective treatment for liver diseases.