Combining non-structural protein 1 and IgM tests for acute dengue diagnosis in Saudi Arabia.

IF 2.4 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

International Health Pub Date : 2026-07-03 DOI:10.1093/inthealth/ihaf116

Reem A Bin Suaydan, Waleed S Alsalem, Eitezaz A Zaki, Zenaida S Stead, Ahmed Y Alhejaili, Ahmad A Rajeh, Sarah S Alabbad, Doua Bukhari, Abdullah N Aljurayyan, Alaa Alshuwaier, Razan Alsalamah, Albandari A Alzaidi, David Molyneux, Roua A Alsubki

{"title":"Combining non-structural protein 1 and IgM tests for acute dengue diagnosis in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Reem A Bin Suaydan, Waleed S Alsalem, Eitezaz A Zaki, Zenaida S Stead, Ahmed Y Alhejaili, Ahmad A Rajeh, Sarah S Alabbad, Doua Bukhari, Abdullah N Aljurayyan, Alaa Alshuwaier, Razan Alsalamah, Albandari A Alzaidi, David Molyneux, Roua A Alsubki","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihaf116","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue is endemic in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Jeddah, Makkah and Jizan. Outbreaks in these regions are mainly linked to climate conditions and mass travel during religious pilgrimages.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen test and IgM ELISA, compared with RT-PCR. A total of 2850 samples were collected from patients hospitalised with moderate to severe symptoms across six regions in Saudi Arabia from 2022 to 2024. The samples were tested simultaneously using all three methods and 95% CIs were calculated using the Wilson score method.Results: Out of 3419 samples analysed, 1402 tested negative for dengue and 1448 tested positive. The sensitivity of the NS1 antigen test was 73.5% (95% CI 70.7 to 76.2%). The IgM ELISA test demonstrated a sensitivity of 65.8% (95% CI 62.9 to 68.7%). Combining the results of both tests increased the sensitivity to 92.4% (95% CI 90.6 to 93.9%). This combined diagnostic approach facilitates the detection of both early-phase (NS1-positive) and later-phase (IgM-positive) infections, offering a more comprehensive diagnostic tool.Conclusions: Implementing a combined testing strategy within Saudi Arabia's diagnostic pipelines could enhance disease surveillance, enable earlier detection and strengthen public health efforts against dengue outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":" ","pages":"621-628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13329963/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaf116","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Dengue is endemic in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Jeddah, Makkah and Jizan. Outbreaks in these regions are mainly linked to climate conditions and mass travel during religious pilgrimages.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen test and IgM ELISA, compared with RT-PCR. A total of 2850 samples were collected from patients hospitalised with moderate to severe symptoms across six regions in Saudi Arabia from 2022 to 2024. The samples were tested simultaneously using all three methods and 95% CIs were calculated using the Wilson score method.

Results: Out of 3419 samples analysed, 1402 tested negative for dengue and 1448 tested positive. The sensitivity of the NS1 antigen test was 73.5% (95% CI 70.7 to 76.2%). The IgM ELISA test demonstrated a sensitivity of 65.8% (95% CI 62.9 to 68.7%). Combining the results of both tests increased the sensitivity to 92.4% (95% CI 90.6 to 93.9%). This combined diagnostic approach facilitates the detection of both early-phase (NS1-positive) and later-phase (IgM-positive) infections, offering a more comprehensive diagnostic tool.

Conclusions: Implementing a combined testing strategy within Saudi Arabia's diagnostic pipelines could enhance disease surveillance, enable earlier detection and strengthen public health efforts against dengue outbreaks.

查看原文本刊更多论文

沙特阿拉伯非结构蛋白1和IgM检测联合诊断急性登革热

背景：登革热在沙特阿拉伯流行，特别是在吉达、麦加和吉赞。这些地区的疫情主要与气候条件和宗教朝圣期间的大规模旅行有关。方法：本回顾性横断面研究评估非结构蛋白1 （NS1）抗原检测和IgM ELISA的诊断性能，并与RT-PCR进行比较。从2022年至2024年沙特阿拉伯六个地区的中度至重度症状住院患者中共收集了2850份样本。采用三种方法同时对样本进行检测，采用Wilson评分法计算95% ci。结果：在分析的3419份样本中，1402份登革热检测呈阴性，1448份呈阳性。NS1抗原检测的敏感性为73.5% （95% CI 70.7 ~ 76.2%）。IgM ELISA检测的敏感性为65.8% （95% CI 62.9 ~ 68.7%）。结合两项试验的结果，灵敏度提高到92.4% （95% CI 90.6 ~ 93.9%）。这种联合诊断方法有助于早期（ns1阳性）和后期（igm阳性）感染的检测，提供了更全面的诊断工具。结论：在沙特阿拉伯的诊断管道内实施一项联合检测战略可以加强疾病监测，使早期发现成为可能，并加强针对登革热暴发的公共卫生努力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： International Health is an official journal of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. It publishes original, peer-reviewed articles and reviews on all aspects of global health including the social and economic aspects of communicable and non-communicable diseases, health systems research, policy and implementation, and the evaluation of disease control programmes and healthcare delivery solutions. It aims to stimulate scientific and policy debate and provide a forum for analysis and opinion sharing for individuals and organisations engaged in all areas of global health.